Modern Believing

Alanko, K., Santtila, P., Harlaar, N., Witting, K., Varjonen, M., Jern, P., Johansson, A., von der Pahlen, B., and Sandnabba, N. K. (2010) ‘Common genetic effects of gender atypical behavior in childhood and sexual orientation in adulthood: A study of Finnish twins’. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39, pp. 81-92. ‘Common genetic effects of gender atypical behavior in childhood and sexual orientation in adulthood: A study of Finnish twins’ Archives of Sexual Behavior 39 81 92 Google Scholar

American Psychological Association. (2007) Answers to your questions about sexual orientation and homosexuality. Available at www.apa.org Google Scholar

Bagamihl, B. (1999) Biological exuberance: Animal homosexuality and natural diversity. New York: St Martins. Biological exuberance: Animal homosexuality and natural diversity Google Scholar

Baumeister, R.F., Catanese, K. R. & Vohs, K. D. (2001) ‘Is there a gender difference in strength of sex drive? Theoretical views, conceptual distinctions, and a review of relevant evidence’. Personality and Social Psychology Review. 5, pp. 242-73. ‘Is there a gender difference in strength of sex drive? Theoretical views, conceptual distinctions, and a review of relevant evidence’ Personality and Social Psychology Review 5 242 73 Google Scholar

Bell, A. P., Weinberg, M. S. and Hammersmith, S. K. (1981) Sexual preference: Its development in men and women. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Sexual preference: Its development in men and women Google Scholar

Blanchard, R. (1997) ‘Birth order and sibling sex ratio in homosexual versus heterosexual males and females’. Annual Review of Sex Research. 8, pp. 27-67. ‘Birth order and sibling sex ratio in homosexual versus heterosexual males and females’ Annual Review of Sex Research 8 27 67 Google Scholar

Blanchard, R. (2008) ‘Review and theory of handedness, birth order, and homosexuality in men’. Laterality. 13, pp. 51-70. ‘Review and theory of handedness, birth order, and homosexuality in men’ Laterality 13 51 70 Google Scholar

Bogaert, A. F. (2003) ‘Number of older brothers and sexual orientation: New texts and the attraction/behavior distinction in two national probability samples’. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 84, pp. 644-52. ‘Number of older brothers and sexual orientation: New texts and the attraction/behavior distinction in two national probability samples’ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 644 52 Google Scholar

Bogaert, A. F. (2006) ‘Biological versus non-biological older brothers and men's sexual orientation’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103, pp. 10771-4. ‘Biological versus non-biological older brothers and men's sexual orientation’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 10771 4 Google Scholar

Bogaert, A. F. (2010) ‘Physical development and sexual orientation in men and women: An analysis of NATSAL-2000’. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39, pp. 110-16. ‘Physical development and sexual orientation in men and women: An analysis of NATSAL-2000’ Archives of Sexual Behavior 39 110 16 Google Scholar

Breedlove, S. M. (1997) ‘Sex on the brain’. Nature. 389, p. 801. ‘Sex on the brain’ Nature 389 801 Google Scholar

Chandra, A., Mosher, W. D. and Copen, C. (2011) ‘Sexual behavior, sexual attraction, and sexual identity in the United States: Data from the 2006-2008 National Survey of Family Growth’. National Health Statistics Reports, Number 36 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Google Scholar

Chivers, M. L. (2005) ‘A brief review and discussion of sex differences in the specificity of sexual arousal’. Sexual and Relationship Therapy. 20, pp. 377-90. ‘A brief review and discussion of sex differences in the specificity of sexual arousal’ Sexual and Relationship Therapy 20 377 90 Google Scholar

Demir, E. and Dickson, B. J. (2005) ‘Fruitless splicing specifies male courtship behavior in Drosophila’. Cell. 121, pp. 785-94. ‘Fruitless splicing specifies male courtship behavior in Drosophila’ Cell 121 785 94 Google Scholar

Diamond, L. (2008) Sexual fluidity: Understanding women's love and desire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Sexual fluidity: Understanding women's love and desire Google Scholar

Dickson, B. J. (2005) Quoted in E. Rosenthal, ‘For fruit flies, gene shift tilts sex orientation’. New York Times, 3 June. Available at www.nytimes.com. www.nytimes.com Quoted in E. Rosenthal, ‘For fruit flies, gene shift tilts sex orientation’ New York Times Google Scholar

Ellis, L. and Ames, M. A. (1987) ‘Neurohormonal functioning and sexual orientation: A theory of homosexuality-heterosexuality’. Psychological Bulletin. 101, pp. 233-58. ‘Neurohormonal functioning and sexual orientation: A theory of homosexuality-heterosexuality’ Psychological Bulletin 101 233 58 Google Scholar

Frisch, M. & Zdravkovic, S. (2010) ‘Body size at birth and same-sex marriage in young adulthood’. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39, pp. 117-23. ‘Body size at birth and same-sex marriage in young adulthood’ Archives of Sexual Behavior 39 117 23 Google Scholar

Gartrell, N. and Bos, H. (2010) ‘U.S. national longitudinal lesbian family study: Psychological adjustment of 17-year-old adolescents’. Pediatrics. 126, pp. 28-36. ‘U.S. national longitudinal lesbian family study: Psychological adjustment of 17-year-old adolescents’ Pediatrics 126 28 36 Google Scholar

Gates, G. J. and Newport, F. (2012) 18 October, ‘Special report: 3.4% of U.S. adults identify as LGBT’. Available at www.gallup.com Google Scholar

Gladue, B. A. (1990) ‘Hormones and neuroendocrine factors in atypical human sexual behavior’ in Pedophilia: Biosocial dimensions, ed. J. R. Feierman. New York: Springer-Verlag. Pedophilia: Biosocial dimensions Google Scholar

Haldeman, D. C. (1994) ‘The practice and ethics of sexual orientation conversion therapy’. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 62, pp. 221-7. ‘The practice and ethics of sexual orientation conversion therapy’ Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 62 221 7 Google Scholar

Haldeman, D. C. (2002) ‘Gay rights, patient rights: The implications of sexual orientation conversion therapy’. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 33, pp. 260-4. ‘Gay rights, patient rights: The implications of sexual orientation conversion therapy’ Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 33 260 4 Google Scholar

Hammersmith, S. K. (1982) ‘Sexual preference: An empirical study from the Alfred C. Kinsey Institute for Sex Research’. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, August, Washington, DC. ‘Sexual preference: An empirical study from the Alfred C. Kinsey Institute for Sex Research’ Google Scholar

Hassan, B. and Rahman, Q. (2007) ‘Selective sexual orientation-related differences in object location memory’. Behavioral Neuroscience. 121, pp. 625-33. ‘Selective sexual orientation-related differences in object location memory’ Behavioral Neuroscience 121 625 33 Google Scholar

Herbenick, D., Reece, M., Schick, V., Sanders, S. A., Dodge, B. and Fortenberry, J. D. (2010) ‘Sexual behavior in the United States: Results from a national probability sample of men and women ages 14-94’. Journal of Sexual Medicine. 7 (suppl. 5), pp. 255-65. ‘Sexual behavior in the United States: Results from a national probability sample of men and women ages 14-94’ Journal of Sexual Medicine 7 255 65 Google Scholar

Kranz, F. and Ishai, A. (2006) ‘Face perception is modulated by sexual preference’. Current Biology. 16, pp. 63-8. ‘Face perception is modulated by sexual preference’ Current Biology 16 63 8 Google Scholar

Lalumière, M. L., Blanchard, R. and Zucker, K. J. (2000) ‘Sexual orientation and handedness in men and women: A meta-analysis’. Psychological Bulletin. 126, pp. 575-92. ‘Sexual orientation and handedness in men and women: A meta-analysis’ Psychological Bulletin 126 575 92 Google Scholar

Lángström, N. H., Rahman, Q., Carlström, E. and Lichtenstein, P. (2010) ‘Genetic and environmental effects on same-sex sexual behavior: A population study of twins in Sweden’. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39, pp. 75-80. ‘Genetic and environmental effects on same-sex sexual behavior: A population study of twins in Sweden’ Archives of Sexual Behavior 39 75 80 Google Scholar

Larkin, K., Resko, J. A., Stormshak, F., Stellflug, J. N. and Roselli, C. E. (2002) ‘Neuroanatomical correlates of sex and sexual partner preference in sheep’. Paper presented at Society for Neuroscience convention. ‘Neuroanatomical correlates of sex and sexual partner preference in sheep’ Google Scholar

LeVay, S. (1991) ‘A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men’. Science. 253, pp. 1034-7. ‘A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men’ Science 253 1034 7 Google Scholar

LeVay, S. (1994) Quoted in D. Nimmons, ‘Sex and the brain’. Discover, March, pp. 64-71. ‘Sex and the brain’ Discover 64 71 Google Scholar

LeVay, S. (2011) Gay, straight, and the reason why: The science of sexual orientation. New York: Oxford University Press. Gay, straight, and the reason why: The science of sexual orientation Google Scholar

Martins, Y., Preti, G., Crabtree, C. R. and Wysocki, C. J. (2005) ‘Preference for human body odors is influenced by gender and sexual orientation’. Psychological Science. 16, pp. 694-701. ‘Preference for human body odors is influenced by gender and sexual orientation’ Psychological Science 16 694 701 Google Scholar

Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L. (1995) ‘Psychoneuroendocrinology and sexual pleasure: The aspect of sexual orientation’ in Sexual nature/sexual culture, eds P. R. Abramson and S. D. Pinkerton. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Sexual nature/sexual culture Google Scholar

Money, J. (1987) ‘Sin, sickness, or status? Homosexual gender identity and psychoneuroendocrinology’. American Psychologist. 42, pp. 384-99. ‘Sin, sickness, or status? Homosexual gender identity and psychoneuroendocrinology’ American Psychologist 42 384 99 Google Scholar

Morales, L. (2011) 27 May, ‘U.S. adults estimate that 25% of Americans are gay or lesbian’. Available at www.gallup.com Google Scholar

Mustanski, B. S. and Bailey, J. M. (2003) ‘A therapist's guide to the genetics of human sexual orientation’. Sexual Relationship Therapy. 18, pp. 1468-79. ‘A therapist's guide to the genetics of human sexual orientation’ Sexual Relationship Therapy 18 1468 79 Google Scholar

Myers, D. G. and Scanzoni, L. D. (2005) What God has joined together? San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco. What God has joined together? Google Scholar

Peplau, L. A. and Garnets, L. D. (2000) ‘A new paradigm for understanding women's sexuality and sexual orientation’. Journal of Social Issues. 56, pp. 329-50. ‘A new paradigm for understanding women's sexuality and sexual orientation’ Journal of Social Issues 56 329 50 Google Scholar

Perkins, A. and Fitzgerald, J. A. (1997) ‘Sexual orientation in domestic rams: Some biological and social correlates’ in Sexual orientation: Toward biological understanding, eds L. Ellis and L. Ebertz. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Sexual orientation: Toward biological understanding Google Scholar

Pew Research Center. (2013) The global divide on homosexuality: Greater acceptance in more secular and affluent countries [Data file]. Retrieved from http://www.pewglobal.org/files/2013/06/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Homosexuality-Report-FINAL-JUNE-4-2013.pdf Google Scholar

Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C., McClearn, G. E. and Rutter, M. (1997) Behavioral genetics. New York: Freeman. Behavioral genetics Google Scholar

Rahman, Q. and Koerting, J. (2008) ‘Sexual orientation-related differences in allocentric spatial memory tasks’. Hippocampus. 18, pp. 55-63. ‘Sexual orientation-related differences in allocentric spatial memory tasks’ Hippocampus 18 55 63 Google Scholar

Rahman, Q. and Wilson, G. D. (2003) ‘Born gay? The psychobiology of human sexual orientation’. Personality and Individual Differences. 34, pp. 1337-82. ‘Born gay? The psychobiology of human sexual orientation’ Personality and Individual Differences 34 1337 82 Google Scholar

Rahman, Q., Wilson, G. D. and Abrahams, S. (2003) ‘Biosocial factors, sexual orientation and neurocognitive functioning’. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 29, pp. 867-81. ‘Biosocial factors, sexual orientation and neurocognitive functioning’ Psychoneuroendocrinology 29 867 81 Google Scholar

Roselli, C. E., Larkin, K., Schrunk, J. M. and Stormshak, F. (2004) ‘Sexual partner preference, hypothalamic morphology and aromatase in rams’. Physiology and Behavior. 83, pp. 233-45. ‘Sexual partner preference, hypothalamic morphology and aromatase in rams’ Physiology and Behavior 83 233 45 Google Scholar

Roselli, C. E., Resko, J. A. and Stormshak, F. (2002) ‘Hormonal influences on sexual partner preference in rams’. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 31, pp. 43-9. ‘Hormonal influences on sexual partner preference in rams’ Archives of Sexual Behavior 31 43 9 Google Scholar

Safron, A., Barch, B., Bailey, J. M., Gitelman, D. R., Parrish, T. B. and Reber, P. J. (2007) ‘Neural correlates of sexual arousal in homosexual and heterosexual men’. Behavioral Neuroscience. 121, pp. 237-48. ‘Neural correlates of sexual arousal in homosexual and heterosexual men’ Behavioral Neuroscience 121 237 48 Google Scholar

Sandfort, T. G. M., de Graaf, R., Bijl, R. and Schnabel, P. (2001) ‘Same-sex sexual behavior and psychiatric disorders’. Archives of General Psychiatry. 58, pp. 85-91. ‘Same-sex sexual behavior and psychiatric disorders’ Archives of General Psychiatry 58 85 91 Google Scholar

Savic, I., Berglund, H. and Lindstrom, P. (2005) ‘Brain response to putative pheromones in homosexual men’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102, pp. 7356-61. ‘Brain response to putative pheromones in homosexual men’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 7356 61 Google Scholar

Storms, M. D. (1983) Development of sexual orientation. Washington, DC: Office of Social and Ethical Responsibility, American Psychological Association. Development of sexual orientation Google Scholar

Warner, J., McKeown, E., Johnson, K., Ramsay, A., Cort, C. and King, M. (2004) ‘Rates and predictors of mental illness in gay men, lesbians and bisexual men and women’. British Journal of Psychiatry. 185, pp. 479-85. ‘Rates and predictors of mental illness in gay men, lesbians and bisexual men and women’ British Journal of Psychiatry 185 479 85 Google Scholar

Wells, J. E., McGee, M. A. and Beautrais, A. L. (2011) ‘Multiple aspects of sexual orientation: Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates in a New Zealand national survey’. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 40, pp. 155-68. ‘Multiple aspects of sexual orientation: Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates in a New Zealand national survey’ Archives of Sexual Behavior 40 155 68 Google Scholar

Alanko, K., Santtila, P., Harlaar, N., Witting, K., Varjonen, M., Jern, P., Johansson, A., von der Pahlen, B., and Sandnabba, N. K. (2010) ‘Common genetic effects of gender atypical behavior in childhood and sexual orientation in adulthood: A study of Finnish twins’. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39, pp. 81-92. ‘Common genetic effects of gender atypical behavior in childhood and sexual orientation in adulthood: A study of Finnish twins’ Archives of Sexual Behavior 39 81 92 Google Scholar

American Psychological Association. (2007) Answers to your questions about sexual orientation and homosexuality. Available at www.apa.org Google Scholar

Bagamihl, B. (1999) Biological exuberance: Animal homosexuality and natural diversity. New York: St Martins. Biological exuberance: Animal homosexuality and natural diversity Google Scholar

Baumeister, R.F., Catanese, K. R. & Vohs, K. D. (2001) ‘Is there a gender difference in strength of sex drive? Theoretical views, conceptual distinctions, and a review of relevant evidence’. Personality and Social Psychology Review. 5, pp. 242-73. ‘Is there a gender difference in strength of sex drive? Theoretical views, conceptual distinctions, and a review of relevant evidence’ Personality and Social Psychology Review 5 242 73 Google Scholar

Bell, A. P., Weinberg, M. S. and Hammersmith, S. K. (1981) Sexual preference: Its development in men and women. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Sexual preference: Its development in men and women Google Scholar

Blanchard, R. (1997) ‘Birth order and sibling sex ratio in homosexual versus heterosexual males and females’. Annual Review of Sex Research. 8, pp. 27-67. ‘Birth order and sibling sex ratio in homosexual versus heterosexual males and females’ Annual Review of Sex Research 8 27 67 Google Scholar

Blanchard, R. (2008) ‘Review and theory of handedness, birth order, and homosexuality in men’. Laterality. 13, pp. 51-70. ‘Review and theory of handedness, birth order, and homosexuality in men’ Laterality 13 51 70 Google Scholar

Bogaert, A. F. (2003) ‘Number of older brothers and sexual orientation: New texts and the attraction/behavior distinction in two national probability samples’. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 84, pp. 644-52. ‘Number of older brothers and sexual orientation: New texts and the attraction/behavior distinction in two national probability samples’ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 644 52 Google Scholar

Bogaert, A. F. (2006) ‘Biological versus non-biological older brothers and men's sexual orientation’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103, pp. 10771-4. ‘Biological versus non-biological older brothers and men's sexual orientation’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 10771 4 Google Scholar

Bogaert, A. F. (2010) ‘Physical development and sexual orientation in men and women: An analysis of NATSAL-2000’. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39, pp. 110-16. ‘Physical development and sexual orientation in men and women: An analysis of NATSAL-2000’ Archives of Sexual Behavior 39 110 16 Google Scholar

Breedlove, S. M. (1997) ‘Sex on the brain’. Nature. 389, p. 801. ‘Sex on the brain’ Nature 389 801 Google Scholar

Chandra, A., Mosher, W. D. and Copen, C. (2011) ‘Sexual behavior, sexual attraction, and sexual identity in the United States: Data from the 2006-2008 National Survey of Family Growth’. National Health Statistics Reports, Number 36 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Google Scholar

Chivers, M. L. (2005) ‘A brief review and discussion of sex differences in the specificity of sexual arousal’. Sexual and Relationship Therapy. 20, pp. 377-90. ‘A brief review and discussion of sex differences in the specificity of sexual arousal’ Sexual and Relationship Therapy 20 377 90 Google Scholar

Demir, E. and Dickson, B. J. (2005) ‘Fruitless splicing specifies male courtship behavior in Drosophila’. Cell. 121, pp. 785-94. ‘Fruitless splicing specifies male courtship behavior in Drosophila’ Cell 121 785 94 Google Scholar

Diamond, L. (2008) Sexual fluidity: Understanding women's love and desire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Sexual fluidity: Understanding women's love and desire Google Scholar

Dickson, B. J. (2005) Quoted in E. Rosenthal, ‘For fruit flies, gene shift tilts sex orientation’. New York Times, 3 June. Available at www.nytimes.com. www.nytimes.com Quoted in E. Rosenthal, ‘For fruit flies, gene shift tilts sex orientation’ New York Times Google Scholar

Ellis, L. and Ames, M. A. (1987) ‘Neurohormonal functioning and sexual orientation: A theory of homosexuality-heterosexuality’. Psychological Bulletin. 101, pp. 233-58. ‘Neurohormonal functioning and sexual orientation: A theory of homosexuality-heterosexuality’ Psychological Bulletin 101 233 58 Google Scholar

Frisch, M. & Zdravkovic, S. (2010) ‘Body size at birth and same-sex marriage in young adulthood’. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39, pp. 117-23. ‘Body size at birth and same-sex marriage in young adulthood’ Archives of Sexual Behavior 39 117 23 Google Scholar

Gartrell, N. and Bos, H. (2010) ‘U.S. national longitudinal lesbian family study: Psychological adjustment of 17-year-old adolescents’. Pediatrics. 126, pp. 28-36. ‘U.S. national longitudinal lesbian family study: Psychological adjustment of 17-year-old adolescents’ Pediatrics 126 28 36 Google Scholar

Gates, G. J. and Newport, F. (2012) 18 October, ‘Special report: 3.4% of U.S. adults identify as LGBT’. Available at www.gallup.com Google Scholar

Gladue, B. A. (1990) ‘Hormones and neuroendocrine factors in atypical human sexual behavior’ in Pedophilia: Biosocial dimensions, ed. J. R. Feierman. New York: Springer-Verlag. Pedophilia: Biosocial dimensions Google Scholar

Haldeman, D. C. (1994) ‘The practice and ethics of sexual orientation conversion therapy’. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 62, pp. 221-7. ‘The practice and ethics of sexual orientation conversion therapy’ Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 62 221 7 Google Scholar

Haldeman, D. C. (2002) ‘Gay rights, patient rights: The implications of sexual orientation conversion therapy’. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 33, pp. 260-4. ‘Gay rights, patient rights: The implications of sexual orientation conversion therapy’ Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 33 260 4 Google Scholar

Hammersmith, S. K. (1982) ‘Sexual preference: An empirical study from the Alfred C. Kinsey Institute for Sex Research’. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, August, Washington, DC. ‘Sexual preference: An empirical study from the Alfred C. Kinsey Institute for Sex Research’ Google Scholar

Hassan, B. and Rahman, Q. (2007) ‘Selective sexual orientation-related differences in object location memory’. Behavioral Neuroscience. 121, pp. 625-33. ‘Selective sexual orientation-related differences in object location memory’ Behavioral Neuroscience 121 625 33 Google Scholar

Herbenick, D., Reece, M., Schick, V., Sanders, S. A., Dodge, B. and Fortenberry, J. D. (2010) ‘Sexual behavior in the United States: Results from a national probability sample of men and women ages 14-94’. Journal of Sexual Medicine. 7 (suppl. 5), pp. 255-65. ‘Sexual behavior in the United States: Results from a national probability sample of men and women ages 14-94’ Journal of Sexual Medicine 7 255 65 Google Scholar

Kranz, F. and Ishai, A. (2006) ‘Face perception is modulated by sexual preference’. Current Biology. 16, pp. 63-8. ‘Face perception is modulated by sexual preference’ Current Biology 16 63 8 Google Scholar

Lalumière, M. L., Blanchard, R. and Zucker, K. J. (2000) ‘Sexual orientation and handedness in men and women: A meta-analysis’. Psychological Bulletin. 126, pp. 575-92. ‘Sexual orientation and handedness in men and women: A meta-analysis’ Psychological Bulletin 126 575 92 Google Scholar

Lángström, N. H., Rahman, Q., Carlström, E. and Lichtenstein, P. (2010) ‘Genetic and environmental effects on same-sex sexual behavior: A population study of twins in Sweden’. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39, pp. 75-80. ‘Genetic and environmental effects on same-sex sexual behavior: A population study of twins in Sweden’ Archives of Sexual Behavior 39 75 80 Google Scholar

Larkin, K., Resko, J. A., Stormshak, F., Stellflug, J. N. and Roselli, C. E. (2002) ‘Neuroanatomical correlates of sex and sexual partner preference in sheep’. Paper presented at Society for Neuroscience convention. ‘Neuroanatomical correlates of sex and sexual partner preference in sheep’ Google Scholar

LeVay, S. (1991) ‘A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men’. Science. 253, pp. 1034-7. ‘A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men’ Science 253 1034 7 Google Scholar

LeVay, S. (1994) Quoted in D. Nimmons, ‘Sex and the brain’. Discover, March, pp. 64-71. ‘Sex and the brain’ Discover 64 71 Google Scholar

LeVay, S. (2011) Gay, straight, and the reason why: The science of sexual orientation. New York: Oxford University Press. Gay, straight, and the reason why: The science of sexual orientation Google Scholar

Martins, Y., Preti, G., Crabtree, C. R. and Wysocki, C. J. (2005) ‘Preference for human body odors is influenced by gender and sexual orientation’. Psychological Science. 16, pp. 694-701. ‘Preference for human body odors is influenced by gender and sexual orientation’ Psychological Science 16 694 701 Google Scholar

Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L. (1995) ‘Psychoneuroendocrinology and sexual pleasure: The aspect of sexual orientation’ in Sexual nature/sexual culture, eds P. R. Abramson and S. D. Pinkerton. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Sexual nature/sexual culture Google Scholar

Money, J. (1987) ‘Sin, sickness, or status? Homosexual gender identity and psychoneuroendocrinology’. American Psychologist. 42, pp. 384-99. ‘Sin, sickness, or status? Homosexual gender identity and psychoneuroendocrinology’ American Psychologist 42 384 99 Google Scholar

Morales, L. (2011) 27 May, ‘U.S. adults estimate that 25% of Americans are gay or lesbian’. Available at www.gallup.com Google Scholar

Mustanski, B. S. and Bailey, J. M. (2003) ‘A therapist's guide to the genetics of human sexual orientation’. Sexual Relationship Therapy. 18, pp. 1468-79. ‘A therapist's guide to the genetics of human sexual orientation’ Sexual Relationship Therapy 18 1468 79 Google Scholar

Myers, D. G. and Scanzoni, L. D. (2005) What God has joined together? San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco. What God has joined together? Google Scholar

Peplau, L. A. and Garnets, L. D. (2000) ‘A new paradigm for understanding women's sexuality and sexual orientation’. Journal of Social Issues. 56, pp. 329-50. ‘A new paradigm for understanding women's sexuality and sexual orientation’ Journal of Social Issues 56 329 50 Google Scholar

Perkins, A. and Fitzgerald, J. A. (1997) ‘Sexual orientation in domestic rams: Some biological and social correlates’ in Sexual orientation: Toward biological understanding, eds L. Ellis and L. Ebertz. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Sexual orientation: Toward biological understanding Google Scholar

Pew Research Center. (2013) The global divide on homosexuality: Greater acceptance in more secular and affluent countries [Data file]. Retrieved from http://www.pewglobal.org/files/2013/06/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Homosexuality-Report-FINAL-JUNE-4-2013.pdf Google Scholar

Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C., McClearn, G. E. and Rutter, M. (1997) Behavioral genetics. New York: Freeman. Behavioral genetics Google Scholar

Rahman, Q. and Koerting, J. (2008) ‘Sexual orientation-related differences in allocentric spatial memory tasks’. Hippocampus. 18, pp. 55-63. ‘Sexual orientation-related differences in allocentric spatial memory tasks’ Hippocampus 18 55 63 Google Scholar

Rahman, Q. and Wilson, G. D. (2003) ‘Born gay? The psychobiology of human sexual orientation’. Personality and Individual Differences. 34, pp. 1337-82. ‘Born gay? The psychobiology of human sexual orientation’ Personality and Individual Differences 34 1337 82 Google Scholar

Rahman, Q., Wilson, G. D. and Abrahams, S. (2003) ‘Biosocial factors, sexual orientation and neurocognitive functioning’. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 29, pp. 867-81. ‘Biosocial factors, sexual orientation and neurocognitive functioning’ Psychoneuroendocrinology 29 867 81 Google Scholar

Roselli, C. E., Larkin, K., Schrunk, J. M. and Stormshak, F. (2004) ‘Sexual partner preference, hypothalamic morphology and aromatase in rams’. Physiology and Behavior. 83, pp. 233-45. ‘Sexual partner preference, hypothalamic morphology and aromatase in rams’ Physiology and Behavior 83 233 45 Google Scholar

Roselli, C. E., Resko, J. A. and Stormshak, F. (2002) ‘Hormonal influences on sexual partner preference in rams’. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 31, pp. 43-9. ‘Hormonal influences on sexual partner preference in rams’ Archives of Sexual Behavior 31 43 9 Google Scholar

Safron, A., Barch, B., Bailey, J. M., Gitelman, D. R., Parrish, T. B. and Reber, P. J. (2007) ‘Neural correlates of sexual arousal in homosexual and heterosexual men’. Behavioral Neuroscience. 121, pp. 237-48. ‘Neural correlates of sexual arousal in homosexual and heterosexual men’ Behavioral Neuroscience 121 237 48 Google Scholar

Sandfort, T. G. M., de Graaf, R., Bijl, R. and Schnabel, P. (2001) ‘Same-sex sexual behavior and psychiatric disorders’. Archives of General Psychiatry. 58, pp. 85-91. ‘Same-sex sexual behavior and psychiatric disorders’ Archives of General Psychiatry 58 85 91 Google Scholar

Savic, I., Berglund, H. and Lindstrom, P. (2005) ‘Brain response to putative pheromones in homosexual men’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102, pp. 7356-61. ‘Brain response to putative pheromones in homosexual men’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 7356 61 Google Scholar

Storms, M. D. (1983) Development of sexual orientation. Washington, DC: Office of Social and Ethical Responsibility, American Psychological Association. Development of sexual orientation Google Scholar

Warner, J., McKeown, E., Johnson, K., Ramsay, A., Cort, C. and King, M. (2004) ‘Rates and predictors of mental illness in gay men, lesbians and bisexual men and women’. British Journal of Psychiatry. 185, pp. 479-85. ‘Rates and predictors of mental illness in gay men, lesbians and bisexual men and women’ British Journal of Psychiatry 185 479 85 Google Scholar

Wells, J. E., McGee, M. A. and Beautrais, A. L. (2011) ‘Multiple aspects of sexual orientation: Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates in a New Zealand national survey’. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 40, pp. 155-68. ‘Multiple aspects of sexual orientation: Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates in a New Zealand national survey’ Archives of Sexual Behavior 40 155 68 Google Scholar