Town Planning Review

Building suburbs, Toronto-style: land development regimes, institutions, critical junctures and path dependence

Town Planning Review (2015), 86, (4), 411–436.

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2015.26
Language
English
Pages
26

Abstract

A fundamental characteristic of Toronto-region suburban development has been the creation of a distinctive and robust model of planning for greenfield land development, at relatively high densities, with a mix of housing types, and significant continuity of built form. A plan-led system was created with subdivision control as the primary instrument, and zoning used only to lock in the detailed development patterns negotiated between municipalities and developers, the reverse of most US practice. The system became highly path-dependent because it created a stable institutional setting, reduced risks, and generated a powerful new actor, the oligopoly of large housing developers.

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LORIMER, J. and JACOBS, J. (1970), The Real World of City Politics, Toronto, James Lewis & Samuel, Publishers. The Real World of City Politics Google Scholar

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MAHONEY, J. (2000), ‘Path dependence in historical sociology’, Theory and Society, 29, 507–48. Path dependence in historical sociology Theory and Society 29 507 48 Google Scholar

MARTIN, R. and SUNLEY, P. (2006), ‘Path dependence and regional economic evolution’, Journal of Economic Geography, 6, 395–437. Path dependence and regional economic evolution Journal of Economic Geography 6 395 437 Google Scholar

MILNER, J. B. (1963), Community Planning: a Casebook on Law and Administration, Toronto, University of Toronto Press. Community Planning: a Casebook on Law and Administration Google Scholar

ONTARIO MINISTRY OF PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE RENEWAL (2006), Places to Grow: Better Choices, Brighter Future, Toronto, Ontario Ministry of Public Infrastructure Renewal. ONTARIO MINISTRY OF PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE RENEWAL (2006) Places to Grow: Better Choices, Brighter Future Google Scholar

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POND, D. (2009), ‘Institutions, political economy and land-use policy: greenbelt politics in Ontario’, Environmental Politics, 18, 238–56. Institutions, political economy and land-use policy: greenbelt politics in Ontario Environmental Politics 18 238 56 Google Scholar

SANDBERG, L. A., GILBERT, L. and WEKERLE, G. R. (2013), The Oak Ridges Moraine Battles: development, Sprawl, and Nature Conservation in the Toronto Region, Toronto, University of Toronto Press. The Oak Ridges Moraine Battles: development, Sprawl, and Nature Conservation in the Toronto Region Google Scholar

SCARBOROUGH ONTARIO PLANNING BOARD (1966), ‘How Scarborough plans’, Scarborough, Scarborough Ontario Planing Board. ‘How Scarborough plans’ Google Scholar

SCARBOROUGH PLANNING BOARD, APRIL (1965), ‘Scarborough Planning Board Minutes, April’, Scarborough, Scarborough Ontario Planning Board. Scarborough Planning Board Minutes, April Google Scholar

SCARBOROUGH TOWNSHIP PLANNING BOARD (1957), ‘Township of Scarborough Official Plan’, Scarborough, Scarborough Township Planning Board. Township of Scarborough Official Plan Google Scholar

SCARBOROUGH TOWNSHIP PLANNING BOARD (1960), Township of Scarborough Official Plan, First Revision’. Scarborough, Scarborough Township Planning Board. Township of Scarborough Official Plan, First Revision Google Scholar

SEWELL, J. (1993), The Shape of the City: Toronto Struggles with Modern Planning, Toronto, Buffalo, London, University of Toronto Press. Google Scholar

SEWELL, J. (2009), The Shape of the Suburbs : Understanding Toronto’s Sprawl, Toronto, University of Toronto Press. The Shape of the Suburbs : Understanding Toronto’s Sprawl Google Scholar

SKABURSKIS, A. (2006), ‘New urbanism and sprawl – A Toronto case study’, Journal of Planning Education and Research, 25, 233–48. New urbanism and sprawl – A Toronto case study Journal of Planning Education and Research 25 233 48 Google Scholar

SOLOMON, L. (2007), Toronto Sprawls : a History, Toronto, University of Toronto Press. Toronto Sprawls : a History Google Scholar

SORENSEN, A. (2011), ‘Toronto megacity: growth, planning institutions, sustainability’, in A. Toronto megacity: growth, planning institutions, sustainability Google Scholar

Sorensen and J. Okata (eds), Megacities: Urban Form, Governance, and Sustainability, Tokyo, Springer Verlag, 245–72. Megacities: Urban Form, Governance, and Sustainability 245 72 Google Scholar

SORENSEN, A. (2015), ‘Taking path dependence seriously: an historical institutionalist research agenda in planning history’, Planning Perspectives, 30, 17–38. Taking path dependence seriously: an historical institutionalist research agenda in planning history Planning Perspectives 30 17 38 Google Scholar

SORENSEN, A. and HESS, P. M. (2007), ‘Metropolitan form, density, transportation,’ Regional Comparisons, http://www.neptis.org/sites/default/files/posters/metropolitan_20070123.jpg (accessed April 2015). Google Scholar

SPURR, P. (1976), Land and Urban Development: a Preliminary Study, Toronto, James Lorimer. Land and Urban Development: a Preliminary Study Google Scholar

STEWART, G. and HESS, P. (2014), ‘Neighbourhood planning: smart growth in the context of the 1960s’, in F. Vanlaethem and M.-J. Therrien (eds), La Sauvegarde de l’Architecture Modern,. Quebec, Presses de l’Université de Quebec. Neighbourhood planning: smart growth in the context of the 1960s La Sauvegarde de l’Architecture Modern,. Quebec, Presses de l’Université de Quebec Google Scholar

TEAFORD, J. C. (2006), The Metropolitan Revolution: The Rise of Post-Urban America, New York, Columbia University Press. The Metropolitan Revolution: The Rise of Post-Urban America Google Scholar

TOLL, S. I. (1969), Zoned American, New York, Grossman Publishers. Zoned American Google Scholar

WHITE, R. (2003), Urban Infrastructure and Urban Growth in the Toronto Region, 1950s to the 1990s, Toronto, Neptis Foundation. Urban Infrastructure and Urban Growth in the Toronto Region, 1950s to the 1990s Google Scholar

WHITE, R. (2007), The Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe in Historical Perspective, Toronto, Neptis Foundation. The Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe in Historical Perspective Google Scholar

WILLIAMS, G. (1999), ‘Institutional capacity and metropolitan governance: the Greater Toronto area’, Cities, 16, 171–80. Institutional capacity and metropolitan governance: the Greater Toronto area Cities 16 171 80 Google Scholar

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Sorensen, Andre

Hess, Paul

Sorensen, Andre

Hess, Paul