MenuLiverpool University Press

AAKER, D. (1996), Building Strong Brands, New York, Free Press. Building Strong Brands Google Scholar

ADDIS, M., MINIERO, G., SCOPELLITE, I. and SOSCIA, I. (2007), ‘Creating consumption experience to build brand image’ (Conference paper prepared for the Thought Leaders International Conference on Brand Management, Birmingham Business School, 24-25 April 2007). ‘Creating consumption experience to build brand image’ Google Scholar

ALLEN, G. (2007), ‘Place branding: new tools for economic development’, Design Management Review, 18, 60-68. ‘Place branding: new tools for economic development’ Design Management Review 18 60 68 Google Scholar

ALLSOP, D., BASSETT, B. and HOSKINS, J. (2007), ‘Word-of-mouth research: principals and applications’, Journal of Advertising Research, December 2007, http://www.versatilesolutionsbb.com/web_documents/word_of_mouth_research_jar_dec-07.pdf (accessed 6 June 2012). http://www.versatilesolutionsbb.com/web_documents/word_of_mouth_research_jar_dec-07.pdf ‘Word-of-mouth research: principals and applications’ Journal of Advertising Research Google Scholar

BAKER, B. (2007), Destination Branding for Small Cities: Essentials for Successful Place Branding, London, Creative Leap Books. Destination Branding for Small Cities: Essentials for Successful Place Branding Google Scholar

BALAKRISHNAN, M. (2008), ‘Dubai - a star in the east: a case study in strategic destination branding’, Journal of Place Management and Development, 1, 62-91. ‘Dubai - a star in the east: a case study in strategic destination branding’ Journal of Place Management and Development 1 62 91 Google Scholar

BALAKRISHNAN, M. (2009), ‘Strategic branding of destinations: a framework’, European Journal of Marketing, 43, 611-29. ‘Strategic branding of destinations: a framework’ European Journal of Marketing 43 611 29 Google Scholar

BENNETT, R. and SAVANI, S. (2003), ‘The re-branding of city places: an international comparative investigation’, International Public Management Review, 4, 70-87. ‘The re-branding of city places: an international comparative investigation’ International Public Management Review 4 70 87 Google Scholar

BERRY, L. (2000), ‘Cultivating service brand equity’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28, 128-37. ‘Cultivating service brand equity’ Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 28 128 37 Google Scholar

BERRY, L., CARBONE, L. and HAECKEL, S. (2002), ‘Managing the total consumer experience’, MIT Sloan Management Review, 43, 85-89. ‘Managing the total consumer experience’ MIT Sloan Management Review 43 85 89 Google Scholar

BRAKUS, J., SCHMITT, B. and ZARANTONELLO, L. (2009), ‘Brand experience: what is it? How is it measured? Does it affect loyalty?’, Journal of Marketing, 73, 52-68. ‘Brand experience: what is it? How is it measured? Does it affect loyalty?’ Journal of Marketing 73 52 68 Google Scholar

CAI, L. (2002), ‘Cooperative branding for rural destinations’, Annals of Tourism Research, 29, 726-42. ‘Cooperative branding for rural destinations’ Annals of Tourism Research 29 726 42 Google Scholar

CARBONE, L. and HAECKEL, S. (1994), ‘Engineering customer experience’, Marketing Management, 3, 9-10. ‘Engineering customer experience’ Marketing Management 3 9 10 Google Scholar

CHUN, R. (2005), ‘Corporate reputation: meaning and measurement’, International Journal of Management Reviews, 7, 91-109. ‘Corporate reputation: meaning and measurement’ International Journal of Management Reviews 7 91 109 Google Scholar

CHON, K. (1990), ‘The Role of Destination in Tourism: a review and discussion’, Tourism Review, 45, 2-9. ‘The Role of Destination in Tourism: a review and discussion’ Tourism Review 45 2 9 Google Scholar

COSHALL, J. (2000), ‘Measuring of tourists’ images: the repertory grid approach', Journal of Travel Research, 39, 85-89. ‘Measuring of tourists’ images: the repertory grid approach' Journal of Travel Research 39 85 89 Google Scholar

DINNIE, K., MELEWAR, G., SEIDENFUSS, K. AND MUSA, G. (2010), ‘Nation branding and integrated marketing communications: an ASEAN perspective’, International Marketing Review, 27, 388-403. ‘Nation branding and integrated marketing communications: an ASEAN perspective’ International Marketing Review 27 388 403 Google Scholar

DRIGGS, W. and PIOTROSKI, S. (2005), Experiencing the Brand: Branding the Experience http://www.accenture.com/NR/rdonlyres/ADED252D-1128-4951-B978-D8B5DC1B61ED/0/60597_ExperiencingBrand_v1.pdf Google Scholar

GAGGIOTTI, H., CHENG, P. and YUNAK, O. (2008), ‘City brand management (CBM): the case of Kazakhstan’, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 4, 115-23. ‘City brand management (CBM): the case of Kazakhstan’ Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 115 23 Google Scholar

GNOTH, J. (2004), ‘Opinion pieces: where is place branding heading’, Place Branding, 1, 12-35. ‘Opinion pieces: where is place branding heading’ Place Branding 1 12 35 Google Scholar

GOODRICH, J. (1978), ‘The relationship between preferences for and perceptions of vacation destinations: application of a choice model’, Journal of Travel Research, 17, 8-13. ‘The relationship between preferences for and perceptions of vacation destinations: application of a choice model’ Journal of Travel Research 17 8 13 Google Scholar

GUPTA, S., GRANT, S. and MELEWAR, T. (2008), ‘The expanding role of intangible assets of the brand’, Journal of Management Decisions, 46, 948-60. ‘The expanding role of intangible assets of the brand’ Journal of Management Decisions 46 948 60 Google Scholar

HA, H-Y. (2002), ‘The effect of consumer risk perceptions on pre-purchase information in online auctions: word-of-mouth, and customised information’, Journal of Computer Mediated Communications, 8, http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol8/issue1/ha.html (accessed 6 June 2012). http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol8/issue1/ha.html ‘The effect of consumer risk perceptions on pre-purchase information in online auctions: word-of-mouth, and customised information’ Journal of Computer Mediated Communications 8 Google Scholar

HALL, C. M. (2008), ‘Servicescapes, designscapes, branding, and the creation of place identity: south of Litchfield, Christchurch’, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 25, 233-50. ‘Servicescapes, designscapes, branding, and the creation of place identity: south of Litchfield, Christchurch’ Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 25 233 50 Google Scholar

HAECKEL, S., CARBONE, L. and BERRY, L. (2003), ‘How to lead the customer experience’, Marketing Management, 12, 18-23. ‘How to lead the customer experience’ Marketing Management 12 18 23 Google Scholar

HANKINSON, G. (2001), ‘Location branding: a study of the branding practices of 12 English cities’, Journal of Brand Management, 9, 127-42. ‘Location branding: a study of the branding practices of 12 English cities’ Journal of Brand Management 9 127 42 Google Scholar

HANKINSON, G. (2004), ‘Relational network brands: towards a conceptual model of place brands’, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10, 109-21. ‘Relational network brands: towards a conceptual model of place brands’ Journal of Vacation Marketing 10 109 21 Google Scholar

HANKINSON, G. (2005), ‘Destination brand images: a business tourism perspective’, Journal of Services Marketing, 19, 24-32. ‘Destination brand images: a business tourism perspective’ Journal of Services Marketing 19 24 32 Google Scholar

HANKINSON, G. (2009), ‘Managing destination brands: establishing a theoretical framework’, Journal of Marketing Management, 25, 97-115. ‘Managing destination brands: establishing a theoretical framework’ Journal of Marketing Management 25 97 115 Google Scholar

HANNA, S. and ROWLEY, J. (2008), ‘An analysis of terminology use in place branding’, Journal of Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 4, 61-75. ‘An analysis of terminology use in place branding’ Journal of Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 61 75 Google Scholar

HANNA, S. and ROWLEY, J. (2011), ‘Towards a strategic place brand-management model’, Journal of Marketing Management, 27, 458-76. ‘Towards a strategic place brand-management model’ Journal of Marketing Management 27 458 76 Google Scholar

HANNA, S. and ROWLEY, J. (2013), ‘A practitioner-led strategic place brand management model’, Journal of Marketing Management, forthcoming. ‘A practitioner-led strategic place brand management model’ Journal of Marketing Management Google Scholar

HENNING-THURAU, T., GWINNER, K., WALSH, G. and GRENTER, D. (2004), ‘Electronic word-of-mouth via consumer opinion platforms: what motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the internet?’, Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18, 38-57. ‘Electronic word-of-mouth via consumer opinion platforms: what motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the internet?’ Journal of Interactive Marketing 18 38 57 Google Scholar

HOUGHTON, J. and STEVENS, A. (2011), ‘City branding and stakeholder engagement’, in K. Dinnie (ed.), City Branding: Theory and Cases, Palgrave-MacMillan, Basingstoke, 45-53. City Branding: Theory and Cases 45 53 Google Scholar

IKUTA, T., YUKAWA, K. and HAMASAKI, H. (2007), ‘Regional branding measures in Japan - efforts in 12 major prefectural and city governments’, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 3, 131-43. ‘Regional branding measures in Japan - efforts in 12 major prefectural and city governments’ Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 131 43 Google Scholar

JONES, P., COMFORT, D., CLARKE-HILL, C. and HILLIER, D. (2010), ‘Retail experience stores: experiencing the brand at first hand’, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 28, 241-48. ‘Retail experience stores: experiencing the brand at first hand’ Marketing Intelligence and Planning 28 241 48 Google Scholar

KAVARATZIS, M. (2004), ‘From city marketing to city branding: toward a theoretical framework for developing city brands’, Place Branding, 1, 58-73. ‘From city marketing to city branding: toward a theoretical framework for developing city brands’ Place Branding 1 58 73 Google Scholar

KAVARATZIS, M. (2012), ‘From "necessary evil" to necessity: stakeholders’ involvement in place branding', Journal of Place Management and Development, 5, 7-19. ‘From "necessary evil" to necessity: stakeholders’ involvement in place branding' Journal of Place Management and Development 5 7 19 Google Scholar

KELLER, K. ([1998] 2003), Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity, Pearson, NJ, Upper Saddle River. Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity Google Scholar

KERR, G. (2006), ‘From destination brand to location brand’, Journal of Brand Management, 13, 276-83. ‘From destination brand to location brand’ Journal of Brand Management 13 276 83 Google Scholar

KERR, G. and JOHNSON, S. (2005), ‘A review of brand management strategy for a small town - lessons learnt!’, Place Branding, 1, 373-87. ‘A review of brand management strategy for a small town - lessons learnt!’ Place Branding 1 373 87 Google Scholar

KOTLER, P. and GERTNER, G. (2002), ‘Country as a brand, product and beyond: a place marketing and brand management perspective’, Journal of Brand Management, 9, 249-62. ‘Country as a brand, product and beyond: a place marketing and brand management perspective’ Journal of Brand Management 9 249 62 Google Scholar

KOTLER, P., HAIDER, D. and REIN, I. (1993), Marketing Places: Attracting Investment, Industry and Tourism to Cities, States and Nations, New York, NY, The Free Press. Marketing Places: Attracting Investment, Industry and Tourism to Cities, States and Nations Google Scholar

KOZAK, M. (2001), ‘Repeaters’ behaviour at two distinct destinations', Annals of Tourism Research, 28, 784-807. ‘Repeaters’ behaviour at two distinct destinations' Annals of Tourism Research 28 784 807 Google Scholar

LAAKSONEN, P., LASKSONEN, M., BORISOV, P. and HALKOATO, J. (2006), ‘Measuring image of a city: a qualitative approach with case example’, Place Branding, 2, 210-19. ‘Measuring image of a city: a qualitative approach with case example’ Place Branding 2 210 19 Google Scholar

LEHTO, X., O'LEARY, J. and MORRISON, A. (2004), ‘The effects of prior experience on vacation behaviour’, Annals of Tourism Research, 31, 801-18. ‘The effects of prior experience on vacation behaviour’ Annals of Tourism Research 31 801 18 Google Scholar

LITVIN, S., GOLDSMITH, R. and PAN, B. (2007), ‘Electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management’, Tourism Management, 29, 458-68. ‘Electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management’ Tourism Management 29 458 68 Google Scholar

MACKAY, K. and COULDWELL, C. (2004), ‘Using visitor employed photography to investigate destination image’, Journal of Travel Research, 42, 390-96. ‘Using visitor employed photography to investigate destination image’ Journal of Travel Research 42 390 96 Google Scholar

MAZURSKY, D. (1989), ‘Past experience and future tourism decisions’, Annals of Tourism Research, 16, 333-44. ‘Past experience and future tourism decisions’ Annals of Tourism Research 16 333 44 Google Scholar

McCARTHY, J. (2005), ‘Cultural quarters and regeneration: the case of Wolverhampton’, Planning, Practice & Research, 20, 297-311. ‘Cultural quarters and regeneration: the case of Wolverhampton’ Planning, Practice & Research 20 297 311 Google Scholar

McCARTHY, J. (2006), ‘The application of policy for cultural clustering: current practice in Scotland’, European Planning Studies, 14, 397-408. ‘The application of policy for cultural clustering: current practice in Scotland’ European Planning Studies 14 397 408 Google Scholar

McCARTHY, J. (2007), Partnership, Collaborative Planning and Urban Regeneration, Aldershot, Ashgate. Partnership, Collaborative Planning and Urban Regeneration Google Scholar

MELVILLE, G. (1995), ‘From DP department to EDS - it is time for IT departments to consider branding’, Managing Service Quality, 5, 6-8. ‘From DP department to EDS - it is time for IT departments to consider branding’ Managing Service Quality 5 6 8 Google Scholar

MILLER, H. (2002), Postmodern Public Policy, New York, SUNY Press. Postmodern Public Policy Google Scholar

MOILANEN, T. and RAINISTO, S. (2009), How to Brand Cities, Nations and Destinations: A Planning Book for Place Branding, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan. How to Brand Cities, Nations and Destinations: A Planning Book for Place Branding Google Scholar

MORGAN, N., PRITCHARD, A. and PIGGOT, R. (2003), ‘Destination branding and the role of stakeholders: the case of New Zealand’, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9, 285-99. ‘Destination branding and the role of stakeholders: the case of New Zealand’ Journal of Vacation Marketing 9 285 99 Google Scholar

MORGAN, N., PRITCHARD, A. and PRIDE, R. (2002), ‘Marketing the Welsh diaspora: the appeal to hiraeth and homecoming’, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9, 69-80. ‘Marketing the Welsh diaspora: the appeal to hiraeth and homecoming’ Journal of Vacation Marketing 9 69 80 Google Scholar

MORGAN, N., PRITCHARD, A. and PRIDE, R. (2004), Destination Branding: Creating a Unique Destination Proposition, Oxford, Elsevier, Butterworth Heinemann. Destination Branding: Creating a Unique Destination Proposition Google Scholar

MORGAN, N., PRITCHARD, A. and PRIDE, R. (2011), Destination Brands: Managing Place Reputations, Oxford, Elsevier. Destination Brands: Managing Place Reputations Google Scholar

NOLON, J. and SALKIN, P. (2006), Land Use in a Nutshell, St. Paul, MN, Thompson West. Land Use in a Nutshell Google Scholar

O'CASS, A. and GRACE, D. (2004), ‘Exploring consumer experiences with a service brand’, Journal of Product and Brand Management, 13, 257-68. ‘Exploring consumer experiences with a service brand’ Journal of Product and Brand Management 13 257 68 Google Scholar

O'LEARY, S. and DEEGAN, J. (2005), ‘Ireland's image as a tourism destination in France: attribute importance and performance’, Journal of Travel Research, 43, 247-56. ‘Ireland's image as a tourism destination in France: attribute importance and performance’ Journal of Travel Research 43 247 56 Google Scholar

PALMER, A. (2000), Principles of Marketing, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Principles of Marketing Google Scholar

PAPADOPOULOS, N. (2004), ‘Place branding: evolution, meaning and implications’, Place Branding, 1, 36-49. ‘Place branding: evolution, meaning and implications’ Place Branding 1 36 49 Google Scholar

PEEL, D. and LLOYD, G. (2008), ‘New communicative challenges: Dundee, place branding and the reconstruction of a city image’, Town Planning Review, 79, 507-32. ‘New communicative challenges: Dundee, place branding and the reconstruction of a city image’ Town Planning Review 79 507 32 Google Scholar

PICKTON, D. and BRODERICK, A. (2000), Integrated Marketing Communications, New York, Prentice Hall. Integrated Marketing Communications Google Scholar

PIKE, S. (2003), ‘The use of repertory grid analysis to elicit salient short break holiday destination attributes in New Zealand’, Journal of Travel Research, 41, 315-19. ‘The use of repertory grid analysis to elicit salient short break holiday destination attributes in New Zealand’ Journal of Travel Research 41 315 19 Google Scholar

PIKE, S. (2007), ‘Consumer brand equity measures’, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 22, 57-61. ‘Consumer brand equity measures’ Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 22 57 61 Google Scholar

PIKE, S. (2008), Destination Marketing: An Integrated Marketing Communications Approach, Burlington, MA, Elsevier/Butterworth Heinemann. Destination Marketing: An Integrated Marketing Communications Approach Google Scholar

PINE, J. and GILMORE, J. (1998), ‘Welcome to the experience economy’, Harvard Business Review, 7, 97-105. ‘Welcome to the experience economy’ Harvard Business Review 7 97 105 Google Scholar

PRAHALAD, C. and RAMASWAMY, V. (2003), ‘The new frontier of experience innovation’, MIT Sloan Management Review, 44, 12-18. ‘The new frontier of experience innovation’ MIT Sloan Management Review 44 12 18 Google Scholar

PREBENSEN, N. (2006), ‘A grammar of motivations for understanding individual tourist behaviour’ (unpublished PhD thesis), Bergen, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration http://www.rdp87.persiangig.ir/document/zabane%20khaksary.pdf Google Scholar

PRYOR, S. and GROSSBART, S. (2007), ‘Creating meaning on the street: towards a model of place branding’, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 3, 291-304. ‘Creating meaning on the street: towards a model of place branding’ Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 291 304 Google Scholar

RITCHIE, R. and RITCHIE, J. (2002), ‘A framework for industry supported destination marketing information system’, Tourism Management, 23, 439-54. ‘A framework for industry supported destination marketing information system’ Tourism Management 23 439 54 Google Scholar

RUZZIER, M. (2010), Destination Branding, Germany, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. Destination Branding Google Scholar

SANDSTROM, S., MAGNUSSON, O. and KRISTENSSON, P. (2009), ‘Increased understanding of service experiences through involving users in service development’, European Journal of Innovation Management, 12, 243-56. ‘Increased understanding of service experiences through involving users in service development’ European Journal of Innovation Management 12 243 56 Google Scholar

SARANIEMI, S. and AHONEN, M. (2008), ‘Destination branding from corporate branding perspectives’ (proceedings of the Conference on Corporate Communications, 6-9 June 2008, Wroxton, England), http://www.oulu.fi/cobra/papers/Saraniemi_Ahonen_CC12008.pdf (accessed 29 March 2012). http://www.oulu.fi/cobra/papers/Saraniemi_Ahonen_CC12008.pdf ‘Destination branding from corporate branding perspectives’ Google Scholar

SCHMITT, B. (1999), ‘Experiential marketing’, Journal of Marketing Management, 15, 53-67. ‘Experiential marketing’ Journal of Marketing Management 15 53 67 Google Scholar

SIDORKO, P. and WOO, E. (2008), ‘Enhancing the user experience: promoting a service culture through customized staff training’, Journal of Library Management, 29, 641-56. ‘Enhancing the user experience: promoting a service culture through customized staff training’ Journal of Library Management 29 641 56 Google Scholar

SINCLAIR, R. (2004), ‘A brand valuation methodology for nations’, Place Branding, 1, 74-79. ‘A brand valuation methodology for nations’ Place Branding 1 74 79 Google Scholar

SKINNER, H. (2005), ‘Wish you were here? Some problems associated with integrated marketing communications when promoting place brands’, Place Branding, 1, 299-315. ‘Wish you were here? Some problems associated with integrated marketing communications when promoting place brands’ Place Branding 1 299 315 Google Scholar

SUNDARAM, D. and WEBSTER, C. (1999), ‘The role of brand familiarity on the impact of word-of-mouth communication on brand evaluation’, Advances in Consumer Research, 26, 664-70. ‘The role of brand familiarity on the impact of word-of-mouth communication on brand evaluation’ Advances in Consumer Research 26 664 70 Google Scholar

TICKAMYER, A. (2000), ‘Spatial inequality in the future of sociology’, Contemporary Sociology, 28, 805-13. ‘Spatial inequality in the future of sociology’ Contemporary Sociology 28 805 13 Google Scholar

TYNAN, A. and MCKECHNIE, S. (2009), ‘Experience marketing: a review and reassessment’, Journal of Marketing Management, 25, 501-17. ‘Experience marketing: a review and reassessment’ Journal of Marketing Management 25 501 17 Google Scholar

VAN ASSCHE, K. and LO, M. (2011), ‘Planning, preservation and place branding: a tale of sharing assets and narratives’, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 7, 116-26. ‘Planning, preservation and place branding: a tale of sharing assets and narratives’ Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 7 116 26 Google Scholar

WALMSLEY, D. and YOUNG, M. (1998), ‘Evaluation image and tourism: the use of personal constructs to describe the structure of destination images’, Journal of Travel Research, 36, 65-69. ‘Evaluation image and tourism: the use of personal constructs to describe the structure of destination images’ Journal of Travel Research 36 65 69 Google Scholar

WARNABY, G. (2009), ‘Towards a service-dominant place marketing logic’, Marketing Theory, 9, 403-23. ‘Towards a service-dominant place marketing logic’ Marketing Theory 9 403 23 Google Scholar

WARNABY, G. and DAVIES, G. (1997), ‘Cities as service factories? Using the servuction system for marketing cities as shopping destinations’, International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 25, 204-10. ‘Cities as service factories? Using the servuction system for marketing cities as shopping destinations’ International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management 25 204 10 Google Scholar

WIRTZ, D., DRUGER, J., SCOLLON, C. and DIENER, E. (2003), ‘What to do on spring break? The role of predicted on-line, and remembered experience in future choice’, Psychological Science, 14, 520-24. ‘What to do on spring break? The role of predicted on-line, and remembered experience in future choice’ Psychological Science 14 520 24 Google Scholar

ZENKER, S. and BRAUN, E. (2010), ‘The place brand centre - a conceptual approach for the brand management of places’ (paper delivered to the 39th European Marketing Academy Conference, Copenhagen, 1-4 June). ‘The place brand centre - a conceptual approach for the brand management of places’ Google Scholar