Endnotes

1. Northern Daily Leader, 5March2011, p.10;11March2011, p.8;Weekend Northern Star, 19March2011, p.7. The election figures cited in this article, unless otherwise indicated, are from the NSW Parliament’s website at:http://www.anzacatt.org.au/resources/nswelectionsanalysis/HomePage.htm, accessed August 2012. Google Scholar

2.NSW State Election 2011: First Preference Votes,http://www.pastvtr.elections.nsw.gov.au/SGE2011/, accessed August 2012. Google Scholar

3.Rodney Cavalier, ‘PM Fiddles while Apparatchiks Plunder ALP Empire’, Australian, 22September2011, p.12. Also seeRodney Cavalier, Power Crisis: The Self-Destruction of a State Labor Party,Cambridge University Press,, 2010;Nick Dyrenfurth andTim Soutphommasane(eds), All that’s Left: What Labor Should Stand For?,Australian Scholarly Publishing,, 2011;Frank Sartor, The Fog on the Hill: How NSW Labor Lost its Way,Melbourne University Press,, 2011;Troy Bramston, Looking for the Light on the Hill: Modern Labor’s Challenges,Scribe Publications,, 2011;Simon Benson, Betrayal: The Underbelly of Australian Labor,Pantera Press,, 2010;Lenore Taylor andDavid Uren, Shitstorm: Inside Labor’s Darkest Days,Melbourne University Press,, 2010;David Clune andRodney Smith(eds), From Carr to Keneally: Labor in Office in NSW 1995-2011,Allen & Unwin,, 2012. Google Scholar

4.NSW Labor’s rural decline is highlighted in the author’s chapter,Bradley Bowden, ‘The Nationals’, inClune andSmith(eds), Carr to Keneally, pp.27-38. However, the primary focus of that study was the Nationals, not Labor. Google Scholar

5.David Clune, ‘The State Labor Party’s Electoral Record in Rural New South Wales, 1904-1981’, Labour History, no.47, November1984, p.91. Google Scholar

6.As Labor came third in Ballina in2011, the Green preference flows were only nominal. Google Scholar

7.Jim Hagan, ‘Introduction’, inJim Hagan(ed.), People and Politics in Regional New South Wales: The 1950s to 2006,Federation Press,, 2006, p.2. Google Scholar

8.Christopher Duncan, ‘The Nationals in the 1990s: Political Party or Rural Rump’, inPeter Share(eds), Communication and Culture in Rural Areas,Charles Sturt University Press,, 1995, p.49. Similar points are made inGeoff Cockfield, ‘A Rural Party in an Urban Nation’, inLinda Botterill andGeoff Cockfield(eds), The National Party: Prospects for the Great Survivors,Allen & Unwin,, 2009. Google Scholar

9.NSW Parliamentary Research Service, NSW State Electoral Districts Ranked by 2006 Census Characteristics,NSW Parliament,, 2009, pp.26-29. Google Scholar

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11.Cited inTom Dusevic, ‘Changed Landscape as Battlers Join Barry’, Australian, 28March2011, p.5. Google Scholar

12.Cavalier, ‘PM Fiddles’, p.12. Also seeCavalier, Power Crisis;Rodney Cavalier, ‘Could Chifley Win Labor Preselection Today?’, inBarry Jones(ed.), Coming to the Party: Where to Next for Labor?,Melbourne University Press,, 2006, pp.57-65. Google Scholar

13.Mervyn F. Bendle, ‘The Lites on the Hill’, Quadrant, January-February2010, pp.34-35;Cavalier, Power Crisis, pp.39-49;Barry Jones, ‘Where are We Coming From? Where are We Going?’, inJones(ed.), Coming to the Party, pp.3-28;Lindsay Tanner, ‘Trust in Politics’, inDyrenfurth andSoutphommasane(eds), All that’s Left, pp.192, 194;Nick Dyrenfurth andTim Soutphommasane, ‘Postscript: What Should Labor Stand For?’, inDyrenfurth andSoutphommasane(eds), All that’s Left, pp.206-14. Google Scholar

14.Paul Kelly, The End of Certainty: Power, Politics and Business in Australia,Allen & Unwin,, 2008, pp.19-33;Graham Maddox, The Hawke Government and the Labor Tradition,Penguin,, 1989;Peter Beilharz, Transforming Labor: Labour Tradition and the Labor Decade in Australia,Cambridge University Press,, 1994;Nick Dyrenfurth, Heroes and Villains: The Rise and Fall of the Early Labor Party,Australian Scholarly Publishing,, 2011, pp.8-10;Cavalier, Power Crisis, p.33. Google Scholar

15.Kelly, The End of Certainty, p.686. Google Scholar

16.Tanner, ‘Trust in Politics’, p.200. Google Scholar

17.Tim Soutphommasane, ‘Social Justice and the Good Society’, inDyrenfurth andSoutphommasane(eds), All that’s Left, pp.37-55. Google Scholar

18.Cavalier, ‘PM Fiddles’, p.12. AlsoCavalier, Power Crisis, pp.49-58;Cavalier, ‘Could Chifley Win’, pp.57-65. Google Scholar

19.Dyrenfurth andSoutphommasane, ‘Postscript’, p.210. Google Scholar

20.Rodney Cavalier, ‘The Labor Party’, inClune andSmith(eds), Carr to Keneally, pp.3-4. Google Scholar

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24.Dyrenfurth, Heroes and Villains, pp.3, 57. Google Scholar

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28.Clune, ‘Labor Party’s Electoral Record,’pp.91-99;Jack Hallam, The Untold Story: Labor in Rural NSW,Allen & Unwin,, 1983, pp.43-50, 79-122. The seven western seats held in 1981 were Albury, Bathurst, Burrinjuck, Broken Hill, Monaro, Murrumbidgee and Northern Tablelands. Google Scholar

29.Robert Tierney, ‘The Central West’, inHagan(ed.), People and Politics, pp.186-88. Google Scholar

30.For details of labour force and voting patterns in both coastal and inland electorates, see the chapters found inHagan(ed.), People and Politics. Google Scholar

31.Jim Hagan andGlenn Mitchell, ‘The Southeast’, inHagan(ed.), People and Politics, pp.109-13. Google Scholar

32.Jim Hagan andRob Castle, ‘The Midnorth Coast’, inHagan(ed.), People and Politics, p.42. Google Scholar

33. NSW State Electoral Districts Ranked by 2006 Census Characteristics, p.24. Google Scholar

34. NSW State Electoral Districts Ranked by 2006 Census Characteristics, pp.78, 86. Google Scholar

35.Halam, Untold Story, pp.43-50. Google Scholar

36.Drew Hutton andLibby Connors, A History of the Australian Environment Movement,Cambridge University Press,, 1999, p.157. Google Scholar

37.Hagan andCastle, ‘The Midnorth Coast’, p.37;Jim Hagan,Ken Turner andNancy Blacklow, ‘The Riverina’, inHagan(ed.), People and Politics, pp.228-29. Google Scholar

38.CitedDuncan Waterson andJim Hagan, ‘The Northwest’, inHagan(ed.), People and Politics, p.273. Google Scholar

39.Hagan andCastle, ‘The Midnorth Coast’, p.37;Tierney, ‘Central West’, pp.196-97;Bradley Bowden, ‘The Hunter’, inHagan(ed.), People and Politics, p.62. Google Scholar

40.The figures for Labor’s country primary vote cited in this article differ slightly from those found in,Antony Green, ‘The Results’, inClune andSmith(eds), Carr to Keneally, p.296and appear to represent differences in rounding. The raw totals upon which this study’s estimates of the primary vote are based are found in Tables 4 and 7. Google Scholar

41.Paul Davey, The Nationals: The Progressive, Country and National Party in NSW South Wales 1919 to 2006,Federation Press,, 2006, p.389. Google Scholar

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43. Northern Daily Leader, 11April1991, p.6. Google Scholar

44.Ibid., 27March1995, p.4. Google Scholar

45. Armidale Express, 3February1999, p.2. Google Scholar

46.Ibid., 19March1999, p.5. Google Scholar

47. Northern Daily Leader, 17May1991, p.6. Google Scholar

48.Ibid., 26March2007, p.3. Google Scholar

49.Halam, Untold Story, pp.43-50. Google Scholar

50.Bradley Bowden, ‘The Northern Rivers’, inHagan(ed.), People and Politics, pp.20-21. Google Scholar

51. Daily Liberal, 17March1999, p.4. Google Scholar

52.Hagan andMitchell, ‘The Southeast’, pp.129-30. Google Scholar

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55. Sydney Morning Herald, 15March2011, p.8. Google Scholar

56. National Leader, Winter2010, pp.4-7. Google Scholar

57.Davey, The Nationals, pp.352-54. Google Scholar

58.Hagan andCastle, ‘The Midnorth Coast’, pp.43-45. Google Scholar

59.Bruce Pennay, ‘The Murray’, inHagan(ed.), People and Politics, pp.253-54. Google Scholar

60.David Gadiel andJeremy Sammut, ‘Health’, inClune andSmith(eds), Carr to Keneally, p.126. Google Scholar

61.Hagan andCastle, ‘The Midnorth Coast’, p.44. Google Scholar

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