Footnotes
1.Rob Pascoe, The Manufacture of Australian History(:Oxford, 1979), 48.
2.Ann Curthoys, “Labour History and Cultural Studies,” Labour History, no. 67 (1994):14.
3.Eileen Yeo, “Labour History and Culture: A Postscript,” Labour History, no. 79 (2000):117.
4.Yeo, “Labour History and Culture,” 121.
5.Grant Michelson, “Labour History and Culture: An Overview,” Labour History, no. 79 (2000), 1–10.
6.Lucy Taksa, “Toil, Struggle and Repose: Oral History and the Exploration of Labour Culture in Australia,” Labour History, no. 67 (1994):110.
7.See, for instance,Bert Hogenkamp, Workers’ Newsreels in the 1920s and 1930s, Our History Series, no. 68 (:Communist Party of Great Britain, 1997);Bert Hogenkamp, Deadly Parallels: Film and the Left In Britain, 1929–1939(:Lawrence and Wishart, 1986).
8.Russell Campbell, Cinema Strikes Back: Radical Filmmaking in the United States, 1930–1942(:UMI Research Press, 1982);Russell Campbell, “Danger, Militants at Work: Union Struggles in Documentary Film and Video, 1976–85,”inArt and Organised Labour: Images of Working Life and Trade Union Life in New Zealand, ed.Gregory Burke andAnn Calhoun(:Wellington City Art Gallery, 1990), 47–53.
9.Stefan Moitra, “Working-Class Culture and Cinema in Britain and Germany after 1945: A Comparative Study of South Wales and the Ruhr”(PhD Diss,University College London, 2011);Stefan Moitra, “Wo bleibt der Arbeiterfilm?” Die Auseinandersetzung der IG Bergbau und Energie mit dem Medium Film in den 1950er und1960er Jahren(:Klartext Verlag, 2004);Stefan Moitra, “‘Reality is There, but it’s Manipulated’: West German Trade Unions and Film after 1945,”inFilms that Work: Industrial Film and the Productivity of Media, ed.Vinzenz Hediger andPatrick Vonderau(:Amsterdam University Press, 2009), 329–48.
10.Steven J. Ross, “Struggles for the Screen: Workers, Radicals, and the Political Uses of Silent Film,” The American Historical Review 96(1991):333–67;Steven J. Ross, “American Workers, American Movies,” International Labor and Working-Class History 59(2001):81–105.
11.Graham Shirley, “Into the Void, 1951–64,”inAustralian Cinema: The First Eighty Years,Graham Shirley andBrian Adams(:Angus and Robertson, 1983), 185;Sylvia Lawson, “Towards Decolonization: Film History in Australia,”inNellie Melba, Ginger Meggs and Friends: Essays in Australian Cultural History, ed.Susan Dermody,John Docker andDrusilla Modjeska(:Kibble, 1982), 21;Andrew Pike, “The Past: Boom and Bust,”inThe New Australian Cinema, ed.Scott Murray(:Nelson, 1980), 11.
12.Albert Moran, “Australian Documentary Cinema,” Arena 64(1983):83.
13.Tom O’Regan, “Australian Film in the 1950s,” Continuum 1(1987):1.
14.Graham Shirley, interview with author, 9 September1997.
15.Michelson, “Labour History and Culture,” 6.
16.Graham Shirley andBrian Adams, Australian Cinema: The First Eighty Years(:Angus and Robertson, 1989), 195–96;Albert Moran, “Documentary Consensus: The Commonwealth Film Unit: 1954–1964,” History on/and/in Film: Proceedings of the Third History and Film Conference, ed.Tom O’Regan andBrian Shoesmith(:History and Film Association of Australia WA, 1987), 99;Albert Moran, Projecting Australia: Government Film Since 1945(:Currency, 1991), 68;Margot Beasley, Wharfies: The History of the Waterside Workers’ Federation(:Halstead/Australian National Maritime Museum, 1996), 162;Rayma Watkinson, “Labour Movement Theatre and Film in NSW in the 1950s: A Study of New Theatre, Maritime Industries Theatre and the Waterside Workers’ Federation Film Unit”(BA Hons diss.,University of NSW, 1993).
17.Cathy Brigden, “Representations of Labour: Images of Work and Workers in Film”(paper presented at the 22nd Conference of the Association of Industrial Relations Academics of Australia and New Zealand, Melbourne, 2008);Lisa Milner, “Framing the Unions: The Changing Images of Unionists on Screen,”inLabour History and its People: Papers from the Twelfth National Labour History Conference, ed.Melanie Nolan(:Australian Society for the Study of Labour History, 2011), 204–13;Lisa Milner, “Screening Unions: Representations of Worker-Citizenship in Australian Films,” The International Journal of the Arts in Society 6(2011), 139–50;Cathy Brigden andLisa Milner, “How to Close a Bed: Unionist-Produced Films and Australian Nurses’ Self-Identity” (paper presented at Union Futures: Innovations, Transformations, Strategies Conference, Montreal, Canada, 2012);Lisa Milner andCathy Brigden, “From Martyr to Robo-Nurse: Remembering Nurses on Screens”(paper presented at 16th Biennial Conference of the Film and History Association of Australia and NZ, Melbourne, 2012);Lisa Milner andCathy Brigden, “No Strikes, Please, You’re Nurses: The Framing of the Industrial Lives of Australian Nurses”(paper presented at 6th Art of Management and Organization Conference,University of York,, 2012);Cathy Brigden andLisa Milner, “Roll out the Red Carpet: Australian Nurses on Screen,” WorkingUSA 16, no. 4(2013):505–23.
18.Eric Lee, “How the Internet is Changing Unions,” WorkingUSA 4, no. 2(2000):61.
19.Arthur Shostak, CyberUnion: Empowering Labor through Computer Technology(:M. E. Sharpe, 1999).
20.Richard Freeman, “From the Webbs to the Web: The Contribution of the Internet to Reviving Union Fortunes,”inTrade Unions: Resurgence or Demise? The Future of Trade Unions in Britain, ed.Sue Fernie andDavid Metcalf(:Routledge, 2005), 182.
21.Peter Sawchuk, “Labor Education and Labor Art: The Hidden Potential of Knowing for the Left Hand,” Labor Studies Journal 31(2006):49–68;Wayne Diamond andRichard Freeman, “Will Unionism Prosper in Cyberspace? The Promise of the Internet for Employee Organization,” British Journal of Industrial Relations 40(2002):569–96.
22.Bruce Robinson, “Solidarity across Cyberspace: Internet Campaigning, Labour Activism and the Remaking of Trade Union Internationalism,” Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation 2(2008):152–64;Stephen Ward andWainer Lusoli, “Dinosaurs in Cyberspace? British Trade Unions and the Internet,” European Journal of Communication 18(2003):147–79;Lucio Miguel Martínez, “New Communication Systems and Trade Union Politics: A Case Study of Spanish Trade Unions and the Role of the Internet,” Industrial Relations Journal 34(2003):334–47.
23.Sandra Cockfield, “Union Renewal, Union Strategy and Technology,” Critical Perspectives on International Business 1(2005):93–108;Janis Bailey andDi McAtee, “The Politics and Poetics of Union Transgression: The Role of Visual Methods in Analyzing Union Protest Strategy,” Social Analysis 47(2003):27–45;Kathie Muir, “Sky Channel and the Battle for Australians’ Hearts and Minds: The ACTU’s use of Media in the ‘Rights at Work’ Campaign” (paper presented at the Australian and New Zealand Communication Association International Conference, 2006).
24.Lisa Milner, “Strikes Online: Union Films on YouTube,” Social Alternatives 31(2012):11–16.
25.Andrew Reeves, Tapestry of Australia: The Sydney Wharfies Mural(:Waterside Workers Federation, 1992), 10.
26.Lisa Milner, Fighting Films: A History of the Waterside Workers’ Federation Film Unit(Pluto Press, 2003).
27.Phillip Bell, ABC News, the 7:30 Report and the “Waterfront Dispute(s)” April–May 1998(:Media and Communications Unit, University of New South Wales, 1998);Shaun Wilson, “Union Mobilisation and the 1998 Maritime Dispute,” Journal of Australian Political Economy 41(1998):36–59;Michael Warby andKate Morrison, “ABC-TV News and the 1998 Waterfront Dispute: Reporting or Barracking?” IPA Backgrounder 11(1999):1–16;John Rice, “Communications through the Old and the New Media: Options for the Union Movement,” Current Research in Industrial Relations 1(1999):207;Helen Trinca andAnne Davies, Waterfront(:Double Day, 2000);Chris McConville, “The Australian Waterfront Dispute 1998,” Politics and Society 28(2000):393–412;Andrew Vandenberg, “Reappraising the Waterfront Dispute of 1998,” Southern Review 34(2001):22–40;John Selsky,André Spicer, andJulian Teicher, “‘Totally Un-Australian!’: Discursive and Institutional Interplay in the Melbourne Port Dispute of 1997–98,” Journal of Management Studies 40(2003):1729–60;Lisa Milner andRebecca Coyle, “Bastardising the Waterfront Dispute: Production and Critical Reception of theBastard BoysMini-Series,” Communication, Politics and Culture 43(2010):143–64.
28.Gerard Griffin andStuart Svensen, “Industrial Relations Implications of the Australian Waterside Dispute,” Australian Bulletin of Labour 3(1998):205;John Coombs, interview with Caroline Smith, inCaroline Smith, “Internationalising Industrial Disputes: The Case of the Maritime Union of Australia,” Employee Relations 32(2010):557–73.
29.McConville, “The Australian Waterfront Dispute 1998,” 394.
30.Lisa Milner, Fighting Films.
31.Zoe Reynolds, MUA National Officers’ Report, 2004, internal MUA document.
32.Zoe Reynolds, “MUA Idol Winners Head for LA,” MWJ: The Maritime Workers Journal(31 March2005).
33.Ibid.
34.Marni Cordell andSam de Silva, “New Mediations,” Media International Australia 103(2002):88.
35.Jamie McMechan, interview with author, 27 July2010.
36.Lynne Ridge, interview with author, 5 July2012.
37.Brett Holmes, “Nurses Hit the Big Screen,” The Lamp(June2009):5.
38.“NSWNA Nurses Short Film Festival: Nurses Tell Their Stories,” The Lamp(June2009):12. At this time the union was called the NSW Nurses Association (NSWNA).
39.“Nurses Focus on 2013 Film Festival,” The Lamp(March2012):40.
40. “NSWNA Nurses Short Film Festival,” 12.
41.Carolyn Guichard, interview with author, 17 January2012.
42.Lynne Ridge, interview with author, 6 July2012.
43.Carolyn Guichard, Nurses Strike Train, YouTube video, 4:00, posted by NSW Nurses, 19 May 2011, accessed September 2014,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W7SkA4WM_ms.
44.Ibid.
45.Diamond andFreeman, “Will Unionism Prosper in Cyberspace,” 570.
46.Sandra Cockfield, “Union Renewal, Union Strategy and Technology,” Critical Perspectives on International Business 1(2005):93–108;William Puette, “Picketting Cyberspace,”inThe CyberUnion Handbook: Transforming Labor through Computer Technology, ed.A. B. Shostak(:M. E. Sharpe, 2002), 251–54;Miguel Martínez Lucio andSteve Walker, “The Networked Union? The Internet as a Challenge to Trade Union Identity and Roles,” Critical Perspectives on International Business 1(2005):137–54.
47.Cockfield, “Union Renewal.”
48.Alan McKee, “YouTube versus the National Film and Sound Archive: Which is the More Useful Resource for Historians of Australian Television?” Television and New Media 12(2011):154–73.
49.Jamie McMechan, interview with author, 27 July2010.
50.Christina Cregan,Timothy Bartram andPauline Stanton, “Union Organizing as a Mobilizing Strategy: The Impact of Social Identity and Transformational Leadership on the Collectivism of Union Members,” British Journal of Industrial Relations 47(2009):701–22;Steven Blader, “What Leads Organizational Members to Collectivize? Injustice and Identification as Precursors of Union Certification,” Organization Science 18(2007):108–26.
51.Arthur Shostak, Robust Unionism: Innovations in the Labor Movement(:M. E. Sharpe, 1991), 101.
52. “Statistics,”YouTube, accessed 19 November2013,http://www.youtube.com/yt/press/statistics.html.
53.Janis Bailey,Robin Price,Lin Esders andPaula McDonald, “Daggy Shirts, Daggy Slogans? Marketing Unions to Young People,” Journal of Industrial Relations 51(2009):57.
54. “Film Night,”
Maritime Union of Australia, accessed 1 February2012,http://www.mua.org.au/event/227/.
55.Grant Michelson, “Labour History and Culture,” 1.
56.Sandra Cockfield,Al Rainnie,Donna Buttigieg, andMarjorie Jerrard, “Community Unionism and Union Renewal,” Labor Studies Journal 34(2009):466.
57.Lee, “How the Internet is Changing Unions,” 90.
58.Janis Bailey,Robin Price, andLinda Esders, “Marketing Unions to Young People: Recruiting and Rusting On,”inLabour, Capital and Change: Proceedings of the 23rd Conference of the Association of Industrial Relations Academics of Australia and New Zealand, ed.John Lewer,Shaun Ryan andJohanna Macneil(:University of Newcastle, 2009), 6.
59.Rice, “Communications through the Old and the New Media,” 209.
60.Sawchuk, “Labor Education and Labor Art,” 58.