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Footnotes

*The author would like to thank the two anonymous referees ofLabour Historyfor their comments and suggestions. Google Scholar

1.Peter Coleman, Obscenity, Blasphemy and Sedition(:Angus & Robertson, 1961, 1974). Google Scholar

2.John Hetherington, Norman Lindsay: The Embattled Olympian(:Oxford University Press, 1973), 183. Google Scholar

3. Smith’s Weekly, 31 May1930. Google Scholar

4.Lionel Lindsay, Comedy of Life: An Autobiography(:Angus & Robertson, 1967), 134. Google Scholar

5.Hetherington, Norman Lindsay, 183. Google Scholar

6.Ibid. Google Scholar

7.Hansard, House of Representatives, vol. 124(21 May 1930), 1949. Google Scholar

8.Michael Pollack, Sense and Censorship: Commentaries on Censorship Violence in Australia(:Reed, 1990), 167, 171. Google Scholar

9.R. G. Howarth and A. W. Barker, ed., Letters of Norman Lindsay(:Angus & Robertson, 1979), 289. Google Scholar

10.Joanna Mendelssohn, Letters and Liars: Norman Lindsay and the Lindsay Family(:Angus and Robertson, 1996), 212. Google Scholar

11.Nicole Moore, The Censor’s Library: Uncovering the Lost History of Australia’s Banned Books(:UQP, 2012), 117–22. Google Scholar

12.Ibid., 117. Google Scholar

13.Details can be checked at Adam Carr’s election archive, accessed September2013,http://psephos.adam-carr.net. Google Scholar

14.Moore, The Censor’s Library, 120. Google Scholar

15.Stephen Payne, “Aspects of Commonwealth Literary Censorship in Australia 1929–1941”(MA Qual thesis,Australian National University, 1980). Google Scholar

16.Moore, The Censor’s Library, 119;Payne, “Aspects of Commonwealth Literary Censorship,” 41–42. Google Scholar

17.John O’London’s Weekly, 5 April1920, copy at CRS A425, file 59/24212, National Archives of Australia (NAA). Google Scholar

18.Herald(Melbourne), 14 April1930. Google Scholar

19.Hansard, Legislative Council Victoria, vol. 182(16 April1930), 328–29. Google Scholar

20.Ibid., vol. 182(6 May1930), 648. Google Scholar

21.Brossois to Collector of Customs, NSW, 23 April1930, CRS A425, file 59/24212, NAA. Google Scholar

22.Sydney Morning Herald, 19 April1930. Google Scholar

23.Daily Guardian, 23 April1930, copy on Customs Department file, CRS A425, 59/24212, NAA. Google Scholar

24.“Redheap: Segment of Life: Norman Lindsay’s Remorseless Novel, Which Gave Censors Concern, is Not Exactly Nice, But It’s Brilliant,” Mail(Adelaide), 17 May1930. Google Scholar

26.Justice Cockburn in Hicklin’s case, 1868; for a discussion of its application in Australia, seeRichard Fox, The Concept of Obscenity(:Law Book Co, 1967). Google Scholar

27.Garran to Hall, 5 May 1930, CRS A432 30/812, NAA. Google Scholar

28.Ian Reid, Fiction and the Great Depression: Australia and New Zealand 1930–1950(:Edward Arnold, 1979;Drusilla Modjeska, Exiles at Home: Australian Women Writers 1925–1945(:Angus & Robertson, 1981);David Carter, “Documenting and Criticizing Society,”inThe Penguin New Literary History of Australia, ed.Laurie Hergenhan(:Penguin Books, 1988), 370–89;Richard Haese, Rebels and Precursors: The Revolutionary Years of Australian Art(:Allen Lane, 1981). Google Scholar

29.Hansard, House of Representatives, vol. 123(1 May1930), 1329. Google Scholar

30. Adelaide Advertiser, 3 May1930, copy on file 59/24212. Google Scholar

31. Sun(Sydney), 14 May1930. Google Scholar

32.Hansard, House of Representatives, vol. 124(16 May 1930), 1882. Google Scholar

34.Hansard, House of Representatives, vol. 124(21 May 1930), 1949. Google Scholar

35. Guardian, 27 May1930. Google Scholar

36.Ibid., 22, 27 May1930. Google Scholar

37.Alan Gregory, “Peacock, Sir Alexander James (1861–1933),” Australian Dictionary of Biography,National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, accessed September 2013,http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/peacock-sir-alexander-james-7994;Alan Gregory, “Peacock: The Laughing Premier,” Victorian Historical Journal 52(February1981):3–30. Google Scholar

38.Don Rawson, “Keane, Richard Valentine (1881–1946),” Australian Dictionary of Biography, accessed September2013,http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/keane-richard-valentine-10663. Google Scholar

40. Creswick Advertiser, 18 April1930. Google Scholar

41.Ibid., 23 May1930. Google Scholar

42.Robert Darby, “The Censor as Literary Critic: Judging Fiction in the 1930s,” Westerly 31(December1986):30–40;Moore, The Censor’s Library, 33–35. Google Scholar

43. Sydney Morning Herald, 14 July1933, 12. Google Scholar

44. Smith’s Weekly, 31 May1930, cited in Payne, “Aspects of Commonwealth Literary Censorship,” 47. Google Scholar

45.Joanna Parkinson, “Australia’s Trustees: The Censors and Literary Censorship, 1929–1937”(BA Hons thesis,History Department, ANU, 1984);David Day, Contraband and Controversy: The Customs History of Australia(:AGPS1996). Day observes that Customs was “a traditionally Catholic-dominated section of the public service” (p. 102) and mentions the zeal of Brossois and the wider Sydney office specifically (p. 181);Moore, The Censor’s Library, 96–97. Google Scholar

46.Neil Lloyd and Malcolm Saunders, “Forde, Francis Michael (Frank) (1890–1983),” Australian Dictionary of Biography, accessed September2013,http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/forde-francis-michael-frank-12504. Google Scholar

47.“Report of the Royal Commission on the Moving Picture Industry in Australia,” Parliamentary Paper, no. 227, Session1926–28, vol. 4, part 2, 1373–409. Google Scholar

48.Ibid., recommendation 12. Google Scholar

49.Ina Bertrand, Film Censorship in Australia(:UQP, 1978), 68–71, 87. Google Scholar

50. Argus(Melbourne), 23 May1930, 9. Google Scholar

51.Australian Labor Party (ALP), Official Report of Proceedings of the 12th Commonwealth Conference, 26 May 1930(:Labor Call Print, 1930), 60–62. Google Scholar

52.“Red Heap Discussed: Strong Protest: ALP Conference at Canberra: To Lift Ban?” Labor Daily, 30 May1930, copy on CRS A425, 59/24212, NAA. Google Scholar

53.ALP, Official Report of Proceedings of the 12th Commonwealth Conference, 60. Google Scholar

54.Ibid., 60–62. Google Scholar

55.Coleman, Obscenity, Blasphemy and Sedition, 14–15. Google Scholar

56.This was the infamous “householder test.” Customs officers were instructed that “the term ‘indecent’ is to be interpreted in its wider sense … Collectors should be guided by their experience of what is usually considered unobjectionable in the household of the ordinary, self-respecting citizen.” At the time of theRedheapcontroversy, the Collector of Customs NSW interpreted the instructions in an even broader sense: the Department’s test of indecency was “whether the average householder would accept the book in question as reading matter for his family.” In other words, if a book could not safely be read by a five-year-old, nobody was allowed to read it. As Coleman comments (Obscenity, Blasphemy and Sedition, 13–14), consistent application of such a test “would have excluded nearly all significant twentieth century literature” and much else. See also Day, Contraband and Controversy, 102, 149, 181. Google Scholar

57.Richard Nile, The Making of the Australian Literary Imagination(:UQP, 2002), 250. It is a pity that Nile intrudes an alien “not” into Garran’s key sentence about law concerning itself with morals, thus reversing his meaning and intent. Such are the gremlins that bedevil the publication process. Google Scholar

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