Labour History

Footnotes

*I would like to thank Dr Andrew Newby, Dr Frank Bongiorno, the participants of the Australian Studies Seminar at King’s College London, and the two anonymous referees ofLabour Historyfor comments on earlier versions of this article. All errors remain, of course, my own. Google Scholar

1. Argus(Melbourne), 28 September1910, 4. Google Scholar

2.Ibid. Google Scholar

3.Peter Love, Labour and the Money Power: Australian Labour Populism 1890–1950(:Melbourne University Press, 1984);Raymond Markey, The Making of the Labor Party in New South Wales, 1880–1900(:New South Wales University Press, 1988);F. Picard, “Henry George and the Labour Split of 1891,” Historical Studies: Australia and New Zealand 6, no. 21(1953):45–63;Bruce Scates, “‘Wobblers’: Single Taxers in the Labour Movement, Melbourne 1889–1899,” Historical Studies 21, no. 83(1984):174–96;Melissa Bellanta, “Transcending Class? Australia’s Single Taxers in the Early 1890s,” Labour History 92(2007):17–30. Google Scholar

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5.Ross McMullin, The Light on the Hill: The Australian Labor Party 1891–1991(:Oxford University Press, 1991), 75;David Day, Andrew Fisher: Prime Minister of Australia(:Fourth Estate, 2008), 151, 197–213, 234;Nick Dyrenfurth, Heroes and Villains: The Rise and Fall of the Early Australian Labor Party(:Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2011), 137–41;Marian Sawyer, “Andrew Fisher and the Era of Liberal Reform,”Labour History, no. 102 (2012):71–86. Google Scholar

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19.Bernard Attard, “From Free-Trade Imperialism to Structural Power: New Zealand and the Capital Market, 1856–68,” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 35, no. 4(2007):505–27;Bernard Attard, “Bridgeheads, ‘Colonial Places’ and the Queensland Financial Crisis of 1866,” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 41, no. 1(2013):11–36;Andrew Smith, British Businessmen and Canadian Confederation: Constitution-Making in an Era of Anglo-Globabization(:McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2008);Andrew Dilley, Finance, Politics, and Imperialism: Australia, Canada, and the City of London, c. 1896–1914(:Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), especially 8–11, 182–90;. Google Scholar

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23.Frank Anstey, Monopoly and Democracy(:Labor Call Press Office, 1906). Frank Anstey, Labor Call, 6 February 1908, 2. See alsoPeter Love, “Frank Anstey and the Monetary Radicals,”inAustralian Financiers: Bibliographical Essays, ed.R. T. Appleyard and C. B. Schedvin(:Macmillan, 1988), 259. Google Scholar

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28.Hogan, Labor Pains, 105–68, 183, 294;Spence, Australia’s Awakening, 612, 617;Markey, The Making of the Labor Party, 302–5. Google Scholar

29.George Knibbs, Official Yearbook of the Commonwealth of Australia(:Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, 1909), 321–32. Google Scholar

30.Spence, Australia’s Awakening, 571. Google Scholar

31. Daily Telegraph(Sydney), 13 July1905, 6;Crisp, Australian Federal Labour Party, 263–64. Google Scholar

32.Sawyer, “Andrew Fisher,” 73–74, 84. Google Scholar

33. Western Australian, 8 June1906, 5;Kalgoorlie Western News, 12 June1906, 31. Google Scholar

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35. Labor Call, 16 January1908, 3. Google Scholar

36.L. F. Fitzhardinge, William Morris Hughes, Volume 1: That Fiery Particle(:Halsted Press, 1964), 242;Reeves, “Land Taxes,” 515; Spence, Australia’s Awakening, 572;Land Values(May1910):262;Land Valueswas a British monthly single tax journal first published in Glasgow in 1894 asThe Single Tax. The title was changed in 1902. Google Scholar

37.Day, Andrew Fisher, 151, 171–72. Google Scholar

38.Extracts from Fisher’s Speech at Gympie, 30 March 1909, Prime Minister’s Office Papers (hereafter PMOP), National Archives of Australia (hereafter NAA), A2863/1/2;Daily Telegraph, 31 March1909, 3, 9. Google Scholar

39.Henry Gyles Turner, The First Decade of the Australian Commonwealth(:Mason, Firth & M’Cutcheon, 1911), 217–19, 287. Google Scholar

40.Rickard, Class and Politics, 247–50. Google Scholar

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42.Hughes, Case for Labor, 121. Google Scholar

43.Turner, The First Decade of the Australian Commonwealth, 264. Google Scholar

44.Daily Telegraph, 27 August1910, 11. Google Scholar

45.Rickard, Class and Politics, 249. Google Scholar

46.Quoted in H. Heaton, “The Taxation of Unimproved Value of Land in Australia,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 39, no. 3(1925):422; Google Scholar

47.William Morris Hughes, Daily Telegraph, 27 August1911, 11;Turner, The First Decade of the Australian Commonwealth, 287–89;Heaton, “The Taxation of Unimproved Value of Land in Australia,” 423. Google Scholar

48. Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates(CPD), 23, 27, 29and30September1910, 3697, 3867, 3977, 4021. Google Scholar

49. CPD, 16 August1910, 1542. Google Scholar

50. CPD, 31 August1910, 2329. Google Scholar

51. Daily Telegraph, 10 September1910, 11. Google Scholar

52. CPD, 12 Oct1910, 4461. Google Scholar

53. CPD, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20 and 21 September1910, 3015, 3002, 3087, 3095, 3120–21, 3333, 3415, 3510. Google Scholar

54. CPD, 30 and 31 August1910; 20 September 1910, 2244, 2290, 3423, 3411–12. Google Scholar

55. CPD, 12 October1910, 4455. See alsoCPD, 30 August 1910, 2237–39. Google Scholar

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57.Antipodean legislation played similar roles in British debates on land taxation. See Edmund Rogers, “The Impact of the New World on Economic and Social Debates in Britain, c. 1860–1914,”(PhD diss.,University of Cambridge, 2008), 67–109. Google Scholar

58.Tsokhas, Markets, Money and Empire, 4–10;Simon P. Ville, The Rural Entrepreneurs: A History of the Stock and Station Agent Industry in Australia and New Zealand(:Cambridge University Press, 2000);Herman M. Schwartz, In the Dominions of Debt: Historical Perspectives on Dependent Development(:Cornell University Press, 1989), 67. For a recent analysis asserting the power of the British office of one pastoral firm, seeKevin Tennent, “Management and the Free-Standing Company: The New Zealand and Australia Land Company c. 1866–1900,” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 41, no. 1(2013):81–97. Google Scholar

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65.Kidd to London Office, September 1910, Sydney Manager London Letterbook, 68A, Australian Mercantile Land and Finance Company Papers, Dep. 162/3129/1511, Noel Butlin Archives Centre (hereafter NBAC). Google Scholar

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