Footnotes
*The author would like to thank Melanie Nolan, Peter Sheldon and the two anonymous referees ofLabour Historyfor their comments and suggestions.
1.“Country News,” Sydney Morning Herald(SMH), 10 January1916, 11;Vere Gordon Childe, How Labour Governs: A Study of Workers’ Representation in Australia(:Australian Digital Collections, 1923/1998), 71.
2.“Great Union Conference,”Labor News, 8 May1920, 7.
3.Frank Farrell, “Boote, Henry Ernest (1865–1949),” Australian Dictionary of Biography,National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, accessed September2013,http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/boote-henry-ernest-5288;Henry Boote, “Ballot-Faking Crooks and a Tyrannical Executive,” Australian Worker, 6 June1923, 3.
4.Michael Hogan, Local Labor: A History of the Labor Party in Glebe 1891–2003(:Federation Press, 2004), 73;Jim Hagan and Ken Turner, A History of the Labor Party in NSW 1891–1991(:Longman Cheshire, 1991), 76;Bede Nairn, The “Big Fella”: Jack Lang and the Australian Labor Party 1891–1949(:Melbourne University Press, 1986), 61.
5.Mark Hearn and Harry Knowles, One Big Union: A History of the Australian Workers’ Union 1886–1994(:Cambridge University Press, 1996), 139;Graham Freudenberg, Cause for Power: The Official History of the NSW Branch of the ALP(:Pluto Press, 1991), 137.
6.Nairn, The Big Fella, 53–55;Miriam Dixson, Greater than Lenin? Lang and Labor 1916–32(:University of Melbourne Political Science Department, 1977), 103;Don Rawson, “The Organisation of the Australian Labor Party 1916–41”(PhD diss.,University of Melbourne, 1954), 30.
7.Jack Lang, I Remember(:McNamara’s Books, 1980); T. J. O’Sullivan Papers, A2756, Mitchell Library (ML), NSW; George Waite Papers, MSS208, ML; Childe, How Labour Governs.
8.Jim Hagan, The History of the ACTU(:Longman Cheshire, 1981), 6–10.
9.Peter Sheldon, “System and Strategy: The Changing Shape of Unionism among NSW Construction Labourers,” Labour History, no. 65 (Nov1993):116, 128.
10.Hagan, History of the ACTU, 14–15.
11.Sheldon, “System and Strategy,” 120.
12.Michael Hogan, “Template for a Labor Faction: The Industrial Section and the Industrial Vigilance Council of the NSW Labor Party, 1916–19,” Labour History, no. 96 (May2009):85;Rodney Cavalier, Power Crisis: The Self-Destruction of a State Labor Party(:Cambridge University Press, 2010), 14;Childe, How Labour Governs, 68, 73.
13.Verity Burgmann, Revolutionary Industrial Unionism: The Industrial Workers of the World in Australia(:Cambridge University Press, 1995), 233;“ALP Conference at Work,” Labor News, 12 June1920, 3.
14.Burgmann, Revolutionary Industrial Unionism, 235–45.
15.Robin Gollan, The Coalminers of New South Wales: A History of the Union, 1860–1960(:Melbourne University Press, 1963), 153.
16.Childe, How Labour Governs, 170–71;Burgmann, Revolutionary Industrial Unionism, 256.
17.Hagan, History of the ACTU, 19–20.
18.Childe, How Labour Governs, 174.
19.Hagan, History of the ACTU, 21.
20.Edgar Ross, A History of the Miners’ Federation of Australia(:Australasian Coal and Shale Employees Federation, 1970), 302;Gollan, Coalminers ofNSW, 157–58;Stuart Macintyre, The Reds: The Communist Party of Australia from Origins to Illegality(:Allen & Unwin, 1998), 16.
21.AWU Constitution and General Rules, 1923–24, 40, Australian Workers Union (AWU), E154/25, Noel Butlin Archives Centre (NBAC), Australian Capital Territory.
22.Sheldon, “System and Strategy,” 124, 129.
23.Peter Sheldon, “Maintaining Control: A History of Unionism among Employees of the Sydney Water Board”(PhD diss.,University of Wollongong, 1989), 126.
24.Martha Rutledge, “Bailey, John (Jack) (1871–1947),” Australian Dictionary of Biography, accessed September2013,http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bailey-john-jack-5096; “ALP Conference. New Executive,”SMH, 13 June 1922, 9;Minutes of Central Branch, 1921–28, 43–44, 78, AWU, N117/1478, NBAC; Central Branch Executive and Annual General Meetings, 1921–28, Election of Officers for the Central Branch 1923, 78, AWU, M44/13/81, NBAC;Michael Hogan, ed., Labor Pains: Early Conference Reports of the Labor Party of NSW, Volume 4: 1918–25(:Sydney University Escholarship, 2011), 49, 140, 225, 293.
25.Cavalier, Power Crisis, 14;Childe, How Labour Governs, 41–42.
26.“Annual Conference, 1922,” Labor News, 10 June1922, 4;Hogan, Labor Pains, Volume 4, 303; “ALP Conference: New Executive,”SMH, 13 June1922, 9;“NSW Labor Party: The New Executive,” Australian Worker, 14 June1922, 5.
27.Rutledge, “Bailey, John (Jack) (1871–1947)”;Martha Rutledge, “Mutch, Thomas Davies (1885–1958),” Australian Dictionary of Biography, accessed September2013,http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mutch-thomas-davies-7720.
28.“ALP Preparing A Reply,” SMH, 8 January1923, 9.
29.“ALP Executive Angry,” SMH, 19 December1922, 7;George Buckland, “Labor’s Enemies Within its Own Ranks,” Australian Worker, 17 January1923, 17.
30.“Mr Dooley and the ALP Executive,” Australian Worker, 21 February1923, 16;“Mr Dooley: The Suttor Appointment: ALP Statement,”SMH, 24 February1923, 15.
31.Henry Boote, “Who are the Crooks, Mr Dooley?,” Australian Worker, 28 February1923, 3.
32.“Mr Dooley Expelled,” Australian Worker, 7 March1923, 3; “Executive Gives Reasons: Seeking a New Leader,”SMH, 3 March 1923, 13.
33.E. Downey, “Labour Split: ALP Executive: Opposed to Mr Dooley: New Leader Demanded,”SMH, 11 January1923, 9;Lang, I Remember, 291.
34.Hogan, Labor Pains, Volume 4, 332.
35.“The Fight in the Labor Movement,” Australian Worker, 21 March1923, 18; “Selection of Leader: Power of ALP Disputed,”SMH, 5 March1923, 9.
36.George Buckland, “Labor’s Troubles,” Australian Worker, 7 March1923, 17.
37.Cecil Robinson, “ALP Scandals: To the Editor of the Herald,”SMH, 21 February1923, 15;Henry Boote, “The Only Way to Settle the Row,” Australian Worker, 7 March1923, 3;Henry Boote, “Our Family Row,” Australian Worker, 14 March1923, 3.
38. “No Further Expulsions: Unless Publicly Defied: Executive’s Intentions,”SMH, 12 March1923, 9;George Buckland, “The Political Situation,” Australian Worker, 21 March1923, 17.
39.Henry Boote, “Further Observations on a Forbidden Topic,” Australian Worker, 21 March1923, 3; “Labour Split,”SMH, 19 March 1923, 9; “The Trouble in the Labor Movement,”Australian Worker, 11 April 1923, 18.
40.Henry Boote, “Intervention Necessary,” Australian Worker, 11 April1923, 3;Henry Boote, “When Rival Factions Meet Face to Face,” Australian Worker, 30 May1923, 3; “Labour Fight,”SMH, 21 April 1923, 15;“Editor of ‘Worker’ Refuses to be Intimidated by State ALP Executive,” Australian Worker, 9 May1923, 7.
41.For a list, seeScott Stephenson, “Losing Control: The AWU and the NSW Labor Party in the 1920s”(Honours diss.,Australian National University, 2011), 101–2.
42. “Labour Party: The Leadership,”SMH, 28 May1923, 10.
43.Lang, I Remember, 198;Boote, “When Rival Factions Meet,” 3.
44. “Miners and the ALP,”SMH, 30 January1923, 9;Macintyre, The Reds, 87.
45.Gollan, Coalminers ofNSW, 160–61;Rawson, “The Organisation of the ALP,” 26;Hogan, Local Labor, 74;Irwin Young, “Changes within the NSW Branch of the Australian Workers Union 1919–1924,” Journal of Industrial Relations 6, no. 1(1964):51;Heather Radi and Peter Spearritt, ed., Jack Lang(:Hale and Iremonger, 1977), 40.
46.Ross, Miners’ Federation, 321; “Labour Split,”SMH, 6 April1923, 9; “Labour Immoderates,”SMH, 9 April 1923, 8.
47. “Union Conference Convened by ALP,”SMH, 12 April1923, 9; “Terms of Settlement,”SMH, 18 April 1923, 13; “Annual Conference, 1922,”Labor News, 17 June 1922, 4;Minutes of Conference between the ALP Executive and Trade Unions, Held at Trades Hall, 28 April 1923, Buckland Papers, MSS4320, ML; Macintyre, The Reds, 91;Lang, I Remember, 198.
48.Lang, I Remember, 198; “Mr Dooley Readmitted: Old Labor Executive Swept Out of Office: Further Accusations of Crook Ballots,”Australian Worker, 13 June1923, 5.
49.Gollan, Coalminers of NSW, 135, 162;Ross, Miners’ Federation, 323–24; “Annual Conference,”Labor News, 16 June1923, 2.
50.Lang, I Remember, 198; Friendly Societies and Trade Unions Report of the Registrar 1923–24, NSW Parliamentary Papers, 1925–26, Part 1 of 2 (A-G), 16–19.
51.Jim Hagan, Printers and Politics: A History of the Australian Printing Unions 1850–1950(:ANU Press, 1966), 201–2, 234; “New ALP Executive: And a Few Words on the Old,”Labor News, 9 April 1921, 1;Nairn, The Big Fella, 57.
52.Sheldon, “Maintaining Control,” 103, 112, 144–45, 165–66, 177.
53. “Divided Labour,”SMH, 20 March1923, 9; “United Labourers: Support Mr Dooley: Executive Condemned,”SMH, 13 March 1923, 9; “Union and League: Opposed to Executive,”SMH, 15 March 1923, 9;Hogan, Labor Pains, Volume 4, 372.
54.“Annual Conference,” Labor News, 9 June1923, 2.
55.Bradon Ellem, In Women’s Hands? A History of Clothing Trades Unionism in Australia(:New South Wales University Press, 1989), 108, 129.
56.Central Branch Journal 1916–23, Balance Sheet, 31 May1922, 31, AWU, E154/42/2, NBAC; Central Branch Journal 1916–23, Balance Sheet, 31 May 1923, 43, AWU, E154/42/2, NBAC; Central Branch Annual Report, 31 May 1924, AWU, E154/41/1, NBAC.
57.“NSW Labor Conference,” Australian Worker, 7 June1922, 15;Lang, I Remember, 197.
58.ALP State of NSW, Statement to Delegates, Assembled at ALP1923Annual Conference, 1923, 2, Buckland Papers, MSS4320, ML; “The ALP State Conference,”SMH, 4 June 1923, 7.
59. “ALP Conference,”SMH, 5 June1923, 9–10; “Mr Dooley Readmitted,”Australian Worker, 13 June 1923, 15.
60. “New Officers,”SMH, 8 June1923, 9; “ALP Conference,”SMH, 9 June 1923, 12.
61.Hogan, Labor Pains, Volume 4, 409.
62.“Annual Conference,” Labor News, 16 June1923, 1; “Mr Dooley,”SMH, 8 June 1923, 9–10.
63.“NSW Labor Conference,” Australian Worker, 6 June1923, 15.
64.“Mr Dooley Readmitted,” Australian Worker, 13 June 1923, 17.
65. “Mr Dooley,”SMH, 8 June1923, 9–10.
66.James Catts, Parliamentary Debates(House of Representatives), 20 September1922, 2467–77;Childe, How Labour Governs, 77;Hearn and Knowles, One Big Union, 139.
67.Catts, Parliamentary Debates(House of Representatives), 20 September1922, 2467–77;Childe, How Labour Governs, 76–77;William Lambert, Parliamentary Debates (House of Representatives), 20 September1922, 2487–93.
68.Frank Farrell, “Rae, Arthur (1860–1943),” Australian Dictionary of Biography, accessed September2013,http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/rae-arthur-edward-8148;Harry Knowles, “Arthur Rae: A ‘Napoleon’ in Exile,” Labour History, no. 87 (Nov2004):112–15;Andrew Moore, “The Pastoral Workers’ Industrial Union 1930–37,” Labour History, no. 49 (Nov1985):62;
69.Bushworkers Propaganda Group, The AWU and Faked Ballots, 1924, T. J. O’Sullivan Papers, A2756, ML; Bailey, Lambert and Co. Ltd. Secrets Exposed, 1922, George Waite Papers, MSS208/1, ML; Bushworkers Propaganda Group, How the AWU Treated Bowen, 1924, Buckland Papers, MSS4320, ML; “In Equity,”SMH, 15 March 1924, 14; “In Equity,”SMH, 22 March 1924, 14.
70.Bailey Exonerated: A Frame-Up Exposed, 9, AWU, N117/1434, NBAC;Henry Boote, “Mr Theodore’s Extraordinary Findings,” Australian Worker, 26 November1924, 3;Irwin Young, “Conflict Within the New South Wales Labor Party 1919–32”(MA diss.,University of Sydney, 1961), 139; “Heavy Damages: Against A. C. Willis and Others,”SMH, 6 December 1929, 13.
71.Rawson, “The Organisation of the ALP,” 30.
72. “Labour Scandal,”SMH, 17 November1923, 17; “Mr Dooley Readmitted,”Australian Worker, 13 June1923, 17.
73.John Cummings Statutory Declaration, 12 August1923, Buckland Papers, MSS4320, ML; Rawson, “The Organisation of the ALP,” 30; “Final Ballot Box Inquiry,”Australian Worker, 19 November 1924, 16; Bailey Exonerated, 34.
74. “ALP Expulsions,”SMH, 16 August1923, 9.
75.Scott Stephenson, “The Red Rules,” in Stephenson, “Losing Control,” 54–92; Hagan and Turner,A History of the Labor Party in NSW, 83; Hearn and Knowles, One Big Union, 139.