Labour History

Endnotes

1.‘Bystander’s notebook’, Boomerang, 7 January 1888, p. 3. Google Scholar

2.Gavin Souter, A Peculiar People: The Australians in Paraguay,Angus and Robertson,, 1968;Anne Whitehead, Paradise Mislaid: In Search of the Australian Tribe of Paraguay,University of Queensland Press,, 1997;Lloyd Ross, William Lane and the Australian Labor Movement,Hale and Iremonger,, 1980;Harold V. Livermore, ‘New Australia’, The Hispanic American Historical Review, vol.30, no.3, August1950, pp.290-313;John Kellett, ‘William Lane and “New Australia”: A reassessment’, Labour History, no.72, 1997, pp.1-18;G. Hannan, ‘William Lane: Mateship and utopia’, inD.J. Murphy,R.B. Joyce andColin A. Hughes(eds), Prelude to Power: The Rise of the Labour Party in Queensland, 1885-1915,Jacaranda Press,, 1970, pp.181-86. Google Scholar

3.Verity Burgmann, In Our Time: Socialism and the Rise of Labor, 1885-1905,George Allen and Unwin,, 1985, p.20;Verity Burgmann, Revolutionaries and Racists: Australian Socialism and the Problem of Racism, 1887-1917, PhD Thesis,Australian National University, 1980. Google Scholar

4.Andrew Markus, ‘White Australia? Socialists and anarchists’, Arena, nos. 32-33, 1973, pp.80-89;Andrew Markus, Fear and Hatred: Purifying Australia and California, 1850-1901,Hale & Iremonger,, 1979. Google Scholar

5.Souter, A Peculiar People, p.19;Whitehead, Paradise Mislaid, p.43. Google Scholar

6.John F. Williams, Daniela Kraus and Harry Knowles,‘Flights from modernity: German and Australian utopian colonies in Paraguay, 1886-1896’, Australian Cultural History, vol.20, 2001, pp.49-62. Google Scholar

7.‘Introduction’, New Australia: The Journal of the New Australia Co-operative Settlement Association, vol.1, no.1, 19November1892, p.1. Google Scholar

8.David W. Lovell andJanice Flaherty, Marxism and Australian Socialism: Before the Bolshevik Revolution,Australian Scholarly Publishing,, 1997, p.77;Ken Buckley andTed Wheelwright, No Paradise for Workers: Capitalism and the Common People in Australia 1788-1914,Oxford University Press,, 1988, p.129. Google Scholar

9.A.J. Rose-Soley, ‘New Australia: Communistic work at the antipodes’, New Australia, vol.1, no.15, 27February1894, p.2. Google Scholar

10.Livermore, ‘New Australia’, p.291. Google Scholar

11.William Lane, ‘What New Australia is’, New Australia, vol.1, no.6, 8April1893, p.4. Google Scholar

12.Peter Mac, ‘New Australia and Civilization’, New Australia, vol.1, no.3, 28January1892, p.1. Google Scholar

13.William Lane, ‘Gathering ourselves to live in the right way’, New Australia, vol.1, no.1, 19November1892, p.2. Google Scholar

14.Lane, ‘Gathering ourselves’, p.2. Google Scholar

15.Burgmann,Revolutionaries andRacists;Markus, Fear and Hatred. Google Scholar

16.Burgmann,Revolutionaries andRacists, p.57. Google Scholar

17.Markus, Fear and Hatred, pp.204-205. Google Scholar

18.‘Bystander’s notebook’, Boomerang, 16June1888, p.3. Google Scholar

19.‘Bystander’s notebook’, Boomerang, 14February1888, p.3. Google Scholar

20.‘The Chinese question’, Boomerang, 26May1888, p.4. Google Scholar

21.‘Bystander’s notebook’, Boomerang, 7January1888, p.3. Google Scholar

22.William Lane, ‘Getting ready to do’, New Australia, vol.1, no.5, 25March1893, p.4. Google Scholar

23.Lane, ‘What New Australia is’, p.4. Google Scholar

24.Lane, ‘Getting ready to do’, p.4. Google Scholar

25.This is a quote from theLaunceston Examiner, reprinted in‘The Press and the movement’, New Australia, vol.1, no.2, 17December1892, p.3. Google Scholar

26.Kellett, ‘William Lane’, pp.11, 16;Burgmann, In Our Time, p.25. Google Scholar

27.Lane, ‘Gathering ourselves’, p.2. Google Scholar

28.‘Temperance’, New Australia, vol.1, no.13a, 18December1893, p.4. Google Scholar

29.Theodore Child, ‘The Republic of Paraguay [part 2]’, New Australia, vol.1, no.6, 8April1893, p.3;William Saunders, ‘Nearly half-a-million acres’, New Australia, vol.1, no.5, 25March1893, p.2;William Saunders, ‘Prospectors report’, New Australia, vol.1, no.6, 8April1893, p.1. Google Scholar

30.‘The prospectors say “Paraguay”’, New Australia, vol.1, no.3, 28January1892, p.2. Google Scholar

31.Diego Abente, ‘Foreign capital, economic elites and the state in Paraguay during the Liberal Republic (1870-1936)’, Journal of Latin American Studies, vol.21, no.1, February1989, pp.61-88. Google Scholar

32.Saunders, ‘Nearly half-a-million acres’, p.2. Google Scholar

33.Child, ‘The Republic of Paraguay [part 2]’, p.3. Google Scholar

34.Saunders, ‘Nearly half-a-million acres’, p.2. Google Scholar

35.Saunders, ‘Prospectors report’, p.1. Google Scholar

36.Saunders, ‘Nearly half-a-million acres’, p.2. Google Scholar

37.‘Notes and comments’, New Australia, vol.1, no.7, 29April1893, p.1. Google Scholar

38.Ibid. Google Scholar

39.Saunders, ‘Prospectors report’, p.1. Google Scholar

40.Ibid., p.1. Google Scholar

41.This article was republished inNew Australia Monthlyfrom aHarper’s Magazinearticle of 1891. It was as such not written for the New Australia movement, but it formed the centre piece of information about Paraguay in informing the views of the Australian colonists prior to their departure from Australia.Theodore Child, ‘The Republic of Paraguay [part 3]’, New Australia, vol.1, no.7, 29April1893, p.4. Google Scholar

42.Ibid., p. 4. Google Scholar

43.‘First batcher’, New Australia: Reminiscences of a Pioneer: The Vanishing Tongues[1918], Cosme Colony Collection, box 4, item 60, Fisher Library Rare Books Collection, Sydney (hereafter FLRBC), pp. 3-4. Google Scholar

44.Letter from Chas Manning cited in‘Settlement notes’, New Australia, vol.1, no.14, 27January1894, p.1. Google Scholar

45.Harry S. Taylor, ‘A message from over the sea’, New Australia, vol.1, no.13a, 18December1893, p.2. Google Scholar

46.‘Settlement notes’, p.1. Google Scholar

47.Souter, A Peculiar People, p.87;Whitehead, Paradise Mislaid, pp.199-200. Google Scholar

48.‘First batcher’, p.8. Google Scholar

49.Alf Walker, ‘Letter to W.W. Head, December 15, 1893’, reprinted inThe Sydney Daily Telegraph, 30March1894, p.6; See alsoMary Gilmore, ‘Letter to Julian Ashton, Kings Cross, June 1939’, inW.H. Wilde andT. Inglis Moore(eds), Letters of Mary Gilmore,Melbourne University Press,, 1980, p.162. Google Scholar

50.T.A. Westwood, ‘Letter to the Editor’, South Australian Register, 4September1894, p.4. Google Scholar

51.‘The Paraguayans’, New Australia, vol.1, no.17, 21April1894, p.4. Google Scholar

52.Souter, A Peculiar People, pp.91-92. Google Scholar

53.Gilmore, ‘Letter to Julian Ashton’, p.162. Google Scholar

54.Souter, A Peculiar People, pp.144-45. Google Scholar

55.For details of the New Australia descendents in the twentieth century, seeWhitehead, Paradise Mislaid. Google Scholar

56.‘The New Australia settlement: Arrival of Mr. Gilbert Casey’, Sydney Daily Telegraph, 24September1894, p.5. Google Scholar

57.Souter, A Peculiar People, pp.144-45. Google Scholar

58.Mary Gilmore, ‘Colonia Cosme’, inCharles Higham andMichael Wilding(eds), Australians Abroad: An Anthology,F.W. Cheshire Publishing,, 1967, p.64. Google Scholar

59.Eric N. Birks, ‘As a boy in Paraguay’, The Australian Quarterly, no.26, June1935, pp.60-61, 68. See also the case of Margaret Riley, whose parents took her home to Australia when she was 14, partially due to the unwanted attentions bestowed upon her by the local men.Whitehead, Paradise Mislaid, pp.238-43. Google Scholar

60.Cosme Co-operative Colony (Paraguay),‘General information about Cosme Co-operative Colony, Paraguay’, March1900, Cosme Colony Collection, box 4, item 51, FLRBC, Sydney. Google Scholar

61.Ibid., p.3. Google Scholar

62.‘A word with idealists’, Cosme Monthly, Paraguay, February1896, p.4. Google Scholar

63.‘Impressions of life in Cosme’, Cosme Monthly,, October1896, p.4. Google Scholar

64.John Lane, ‘Letter to the Editor of the QueenslandWorker, January 19, 1900’, Cosme Colony Collection, box 4, item 57, FLRBC,. Google Scholar

65.Harry S. Taylor, ‘With Lane in Paraguay: The Story of Cosme Commune’, inDon Gobbett andMalcolm Saunders(eds), With Lane in Paraguay? Harry Taylor of ‘The Murray Pioneer’, 1873-1932,Central Queensland University Pressin association with‘The Murray Pioneer’,, 1995, p.64. Google Scholar

66.‘What Cosme is after’, Cosme Monthly,, January1897, p.7. Google Scholar

67.Ibid., p. 7. Google Scholar

68.Taylor, ‘With Lane in Paraguay’, pp.98-99. Google Scholar

69.‘A new member’s opinion of Cosme’, Cosme Monthly,, December1901, p.4. Google Scholar

70.‘Society or civilisation’, Cosme Monthly,, March1897, p.7. Google Scholar

71.John Lane, ‘Letter to the Editor of theDaily Chronicle(London), January 25, 1900’, Cosme Colony Collection, box 4, item 57, FLRBC,. Google Scholar

72.‘Foundation Day notes’, Cosme Monthly,, May1896, p.3. Google Scholar

73.Taylor, ‘With Lane in Paraguay’, p.106. Google Scholar

74.‘Security for life and property’, Cosme Monthly,, March1902, p.2. Google Scholar

75.‘Dealing with natives’, Cosme Monthly,, August1895, p.1. Google Scholar

76.‘Another bridge built’, Cosme Monthly,, July1897, p.1. Google Scholar

77.Mary Gilmore, ‘Letter to W.A. Woods, Victoria, Australia, 11 June 1903’, inLetters of Mary Gilmore, p.18. Google Scholar

78.‘A Paraguayan market’, Cosme Monthly,, November1898, p.3. Google Scholar

79.Jack Taylor, ‘Letter to Hilda Lane, 9th March, 1955’, Cosme Colony Collection, box 4, item 56, FLRBC,. Google Scholar

80.Mary Gilmore, ‘Letter to William Gilmore, Cosme Colony, 20 October 1899’, inLetters of Mary Gilmore, pp.4-5. Google Scholar

81.‘Wages and ethics’, Cosme Monthly,, February1901, p.4. Google Scholar

82.Gilmore, ‘Colonia Cosme’, p.73. Google Scholar

83.Ibid., p.73. Google Scholar

84.‘Ourselves’, Cosme Monthly,, November-January1903-1904, p.5. Google Scholar

85.E.H. Lane, Dawn to Dusk: Reminiscences of a Rebel,William Brooks & Co.,, 1939, p.71. Google Scholar

86.John Lane, ‘Letter to the Editor of theDaily Chronicle(London), January 25, 1900’, Cosme Colony Collection, box 4, item 57, FLRBC,. Google Scholar

87.Allen McLeod, ‘Letter to Harold Wallis’, Colonia Cosme, 17January1906, Cosme Colony Collection, box 4, item 56, FLRBC,. Google Scholar

88.Ibid. Google Scholar

89.Ibid. Google Scholar

90.‘Wages and ethics’, Cosme Monthly,, February1901, p.4. Google Scholar

91.Williams,Kraus andKnowles, ‘Flights from modernity’, pp.49-62. Google Scholar