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Footnotes

*The authors would like to thankLabour History‘s two anonymous referees. Google Scholar

1.Crowne Street Board Meeting Notes from the Matron to the Board, 28 May1905, Box 1, file 305 (NUA), Kingswood State Records, NSW. Google Scholar

2.Odette Best andKath Howey, “Finding May Yarrowick: Is She the First?”(paper presented to the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Nursing and Midwifery Seminar Series,, 8 May2013). Google Scholar

3.Jackie Huggins, “Firing on in the Mind”: Aboriginal Women Domestic Servants in the Inter-War Years,” Hecate 13, no. 2(1987):5;Jackie Huggins, “White Aprons, Black Hands: Aboriginal Women Domestic Servants in Queensland,” Labour History, no. 69(November1995):188–95;Joanne Scott andRaymond Evans, “The Moulding of Menials: The Making of the Aboriginal Female Domestic Servant in Early Twentieth Century Queensland,” Hecate 22, no. 1(1996):139–57. Google Scholar

4.Best andHowey, “Finding May Yarrowick”;Claire Schofield, Bundarra, Stepping Stone of the Gwydir(:Schofield, 1979). Google Scholar

5.Lowitja O’Donoghue, “Healing the Wounds: Nurses and Reconciliation,” 35th Patricia Chomley Oration(:Royal College of Nursing Australia, 2001);Gracelyn Smallwood, “Aboriginal Health by the Year 2000,” 24th Patricia Chomley Oration(:Royal College of Nursing Australia, 1990). Google Scholar

7.Sally Goold andKerrynne Liddle, eds, In Our Own Right: Black Australian Nurses’ Stories(:eContent Management Pty Ltd, 2005). Google Scholar

8. The Aboriginal Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act 1897 (Queensland), accessed October 2016,http://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/resources/transcripts/qld5_doc_1897.pdf. Google Scholar

9.Kathy Frankland, A Brief History of Government Administration of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People in Queensland, research report prepared for Queensland Department of Communities,Community and Personal Histories,, 1994, accessed October2016,http://www.slq.qld.gov.au/resources/atsi/community-history/qld-legislation/brief-history. Google Scholar

10. The Aboriginal Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act 1897 (Queensland). Google Scholar

11.Ivy Booth andLaurel Booth, interviews withOdette Best, 15 March2014, Rockhampton. Google Scholar

12.“The Golden Casket Assembly Discusses Gambling: Dental Hospital,” The Courier-Mail, 25 October1934. Google Scholar

13.Ray Lovett, “A History of Health Services,”inYatdjuligin Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Nursing and Midwifery Care, ed.Odette Best andBronwyn Fredericks(:Cambridge Press, 2014), 31–50. Google Scholar

14.Commonwealth of Australia, Aboriginal Welfare: Initial Conference of Commonwealth and State Aboriginal Authorities 21–23 April 1937(:Commonwealth Government Printer, 1937), 3. Google Scholar

15.“The Australian Aboriginal and Ourselves,” Medical Journal of Australia 2(November1952):633. Google Scholar

16.Quoted inN. T. E. Hewitt, “Aborigines Bill,” Queensland Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Assembly(17 November1971):1922. Google Scholar

18.Morgan B. Howe, Aborigines and Christians: An Introduction to Some of the Issues Involved(:Leader Press, 1977), 32. Google Scholar

19.Rt Hon. William McMahon, Australian Aborigines: Commonwealth Policy and Achievements(:Government Printers, 1972). Google Scholar

20.Heather Wearne, A Clash of Cultures: Queensland Aboriginal Policy (1824–1980)(:Uniting Church in Australia, World Mission Section, 1980), 22. Google Scholar

21. Ibid. Google Scholar

22.Mary Martin, interview withOdette Best, Brisbane, 12 March, 2010. Google Scholar

23.Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs, Aboriginal Health(:Australian Government Publishing Service, 1979), 125. Google Scholar

24.Judith Godden, Lucy Osburn, A Lady Displaced: Florence Nightingale’s Envoy to Australia(:Sydney University Press, 2006), 40–41. Google Scholar

25.Minutes of Committee of Proposed Nurses’ Association, Sydney, 21 June1899, Mitchell Library, Sydney, NSW. Google Scholar

26.Odette Best, “Training the ‘Natives’ as Nurses in Australia: So What Went Wrong?”inColonial Caring: A History of Colonial and Post-Colonial Nursing, ed.Helen Sweet andSue Hawkins(:Manchester University Press, 2015), 104–125. Google Scholar

28.Colonial Office, Report of the Committee on the Training of Nurses for the Colonies(:His Majesty’s Stationary Office, 1945). Google Scholar

29.Best, “Training the Natives.” Google Scholar

30.Odette Best, “Yatdjuligin: The Stories of Aboriginal Registered Nurses in Queensland from 1950–2005”(PhD diss.,University of Southern Queensland, 2011);Anne-Maree Nielsen, “What are Aboriginal Registered Nurses’ Experiences of the Cultural Challenges, If Any, Involved in Working in Mainstream Healthcare?”(Masters Honours diss.,University of Southern Queensland, 2010), 12–20. Google Scholar

31.Katie Broun, Personal Diary of Katie Broun cousin of May Yarrowick, given to Odette Best by the Broun family. Google Scholar

32.Crowne Street Board Meeting Notes from the Matron to the Board, 28 May1905, Box 1, file 305 (NUA), Kingswood State Records, NSW. Google Scholar

33.William Munday, “Patients See Double When They’re Treated by the Nursing Twins,” Dawn Magazine 11, no. 1(1962):12. Google Scholar

34.Alison Bush andSheila van Holst Pellekaan, “Footprints: A Trail to Survival,”inIssues in Australian Nursing 4, ed.Genevieve Gray andRosalie Pratt(:Churchill Livingstone, 1995), 219–33. Google Scholar

35.Goold andLiddle, In Our Own Right. Google Scholar

36.Lowitja O’Donoghue, “Racism Often Came from Patients, Not Colleagues,”inGoold andLiddle, In Our Own Right, 47–55. Google Scholar

37. Ibid. Google Scholar

38.O’Donoghue, “Healing the Wounds.” Google Scholar

39.Sadie Canning, “My Story: The Beginning, Childhood, Ambitions and Achievements,”inGoold andLiddle, In Our Own Right, 1–8. Google Scholar

40.Mary Ann Bin-Salik, “Beyond Expectations: From Nursing to Academia,”inGoold andLiddle, In Our Own Right, 29–32. Google Scholar

41.Odette Best andAnne-Maree Nielsen, Indigenous Graduates Experience of Their University Nursing Education: Report to the Queensland Nursing Council Research Committee(:Queensland Nursing Council Research Committee, 2005). Google Scholar

42.Goold andLiddle, In Our Own Right;Best, “Yatdjuligin.” Google Scholar

43.Best, “Training the Natives,” 104–25. Google Scholar

44.Best, “Yatdjuligin”;Nielsen, “What are Aboriginal Registered Nurses’ Experiences,” 12–20;Goold andLiddle, In Our Own Right. Google Scholar

45.Quoted inE. N. Bacon, “Church Army in Australia: A Brief History of My Calling to the Service of God,” Dawn Magazine, no. 11(1962):10–11. Google Scholar

46.Bush andvan Holst Pellekaan, “Footprints.” Google Scholar

47.Best andNeilsen, Indigenous Graduates Experience. Google Scholar

48.Quoted inG. Rowe, “Sketches of Outstanding Aboriginals,” Dawn Magazine, no. 2(1955):13. Google Scholar

49.Joan Winch, “Why is Health Care for Aborigines So Ineffective?”inIssues in Australian Nursing 2, ed.Genevieve Gray andRosalie Pratt(:Churchill Livingstone, 1989), 53–70. Google Scholar

50.Smallwood, “Aboriginal Health by the Year 2000.” Google Scholar

51.Rosalie Pratt, “Black and White Together: Breaking Down the Barriers,”inGray andPratt, Issues in Australian Nursing 4, 211. Google Scholar

52.Judith Kelso Townsend andNancy de Vries, “Aborigines, Nursing and Education,”inGray andPratt, Issues in Australian Nursing 4, 273. Google Scholar

53. Ibid. Google Scholar

54.Laurel McCarthy, “Culture Conflict: Laurel’s Story,”inGray andPratt, Issues in Australian Nursing 4, 340. Google Scholar

55.Gracelyn Smallwood, “Aboriginality and Mental Health,”inMental Health and Nursing Practice, ed.Michael Clinton andSioban Nelson(:Prentice Hall, 1996), 104–18. Google Scholar

56. Ibid. Google Scholar

57.Sally Goold, “Why Are There So Few Aboriginal Nurses?”inGray andPratt, Issues in Australian Nursing 4, 235–52. Google Scholar

58.Office of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Services, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Nursing Forum, An Initiative to Develop Strategies for the Recruitment and Retention of Indigenous Peoples in Nursing(:Government Publishing Services, 1997). Google Scholar

59.Office for Aboriginal and Torre Strait Islander Health, Report of the Indigenous Nursing Education Working Group, Gettin Em n Keepin Em(:Department for Health and Ageing, 2002). Google Scholar

60. Ibid. Google Scholar

61.Ray Lovett, New South Wales Health Area Health Service Aboriginal Nurse Workforce Survey: Final Report(:NSW Health, 2001). Google Scholar

62.Ray Lovett, New South Wales Rural and Remote Aboriginal Nursing Strategy(:NSW Health, 2002). Google Scholar

63.Beryl Meiklejohn,Judy Ann Wollin andYvonne Cadet-James, Yvonne.“Successful Completion of the Bachelor of Nursing by Indigenous People,” Australian Indigenous Health Bulletin 13, no. 2(2003):1–9. Google Scholar

65.Rosalie Pratt, “Black and White Together,” 210. Google Scholar

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