Labour History

Footnotes

1.Chris Briggs, “Lockout Law in a Comparative Perspective: Corporatism, Pluralism and Neo-Liberalism,” International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 21, no. 3(Autumn2005):494;Chris Briggs, “Strikes and Lockouts in the Antipodes: Neo-Liberal Convergence in Australia and New Zealand,”inStrikes Around the World, 1968–2005: Case-Studies of 15 Countries, ed.Sjaark van der Velden,Heiner Dribbusch,Dave Lyddon andKurt Vandaele(:Aksant Academic Publishers, 2007):175. Google Scholar

2.Chris Briggs, Lockout Law in Australia: Into the Mainstream?ACIRRT Working Paper, no. 95 (:ACIRRT, University of Sydney, 2004):8–9;Briggs, “Lockout Law in a Comparative Perspective,” 494;Chris Briggs, “Lockout Law in Australia: The Case for Reform,” Journal of Industrial Relations 49, no. 2(2007):169.Rae Cooper,Bradon Ellem,Chris Briggs andDiane van den Broek, “Anti-Unionism, Employer Strategy, and the Australian State, 1996–2005,” Labor Studies Journal 34, no. 3(September2009):342. Google Scholar

3.Briggs, Lockout Law in Australia, 9–10;Briggs, “Lockout Law in Australia: The Case for Reform,” 169;Chris Briggs, “The Return of the Lockout in Australia: A Profile of Lockouts since the Decentralisation of Bargaining,” Australian Bulletin of Labour 30, no. 2(2004):106.Cooperet al., “Anti-Unionism, Employer Strategy, and the Australian State, 1996–2005,” 344–45. Google Scholar

4.Briggs, “Lockout Law in a Comparative Perspective,” 482;Chris Briggs, “The Return of the Lockout Down Under in Comparative Perspective: Globalization, the State and Employer Militancy,” Comparative Political Studies 39, no 7(September2006):864–66. Google Scholar

5.Briggs, “Lockout Law in a Comparative Perspective,” 485. Google Scholar

6.Briggs, “Strikes and Lockouts in the Antipodes,” 176. Google Scholar

7.Briggs, Lockout Law in Australia, 19, 21–22;Briggs, “The Return of the Lockout Down Under in Comparative Perspective,” 864–66.Cooperet al., “Anti-Unionism, Employer Strategy, and the Australian State, 1996–2005,” 345–46. Google Scholar

8.Briggs, “The Return of Lockouts Down Under in Comparative Perspective,” 864–65. Google Scholar

9.Briggs, Lockout Law in Australia, 19–21;Briggs, “The Return of Lockouts Down Under in Comparative Perspective,” 864–65. Google Scholar

10.Briggs, “Strikes and Lockouts in the Antipodes,” 176. Google Scholar

11.Briggs, Lockout Law in Australia, 21;Briggs, “The Return of Lockouts Down Under in Comparative Perspective,” 864–65. Google Scholar

12.Cooperet al., “Anti-Unionism, Employer Strategy, and the Australian State, 1996–2005,” 346. Google Scholar

13.Briggs, Lockout Law in Australia, 15, 21;Briggs, “The Return of Lockouts Down Under in Comparative Perspective,” 865. Google Scholar

14.Patrick O’Leary andPeter Sheldon, Employer Power and Weakness: How Local and Global Factors Have Shaped Australia’s Meat Industry and Its Industrial Relations(:Victorian Universities Regional Research Network Press, 2012). Google Scholar

15.Thomas A. Kochan,Robert B. McKersie andPeter Cappelli, “Strategic Choice and Industrial Relations Theory,” Industrial Relations 23, no. 1(1984):16–39;Thomas Kochan,Harry Katz andRobert McKersie, The Transformation of American Industrial Relations(:Basic Books, 1986). Google Scholar

16.Kochan,McKersie andCappelli, “Strategic Choice and Industrial Relations Theory,” 20. Google Scholar

17.The use of consultants in the USA extends back decades according to the research by John Logan. For example,John Logan, “Consultants, Lawyers, and the ‘Union Free’ Movement in the USA since the 1970s,” Industrial Relations Journal 33, no. 3(2002):197–214;John Logan, “The Union Avoidance Industry in the United States,” British Journal of Industrial Relations 44, no. 4(2006):651–75.John Logan, “Permanent Replacements and the End of Industrial’s ‘Only True Weapon,”’ International Industrial and Working-Class History, no. 74(Fall2008):171–92;John Logan, US Anti-Union Consultants: A Threat to the Rights of British Workers(:Trades Union Congress, 2008). Logan’s research is also discussed and applied in Marjorie A. Jerrard and Patrick O’Leary, “Union Avoidance Strategies in the Meat Processing/Packing Industry in Australia and the USA Compared” (paper presented at the Australian-US Comparative and Transnational Labour History Conference, University of Sydney, 8–9 January2015). Google Scholar

18.“Industry Analysis,” Meat Processing in Australia: Market Research Report, ANZSIC C1111,IBISWorld Pty Ltd, January2014. Google Scholar

19.“New Companies Join Feeback’s Top 25 Ranking,” Feedback: 25 Meat Processors, Calendar Year 2001(:Meat & Livestock Australia, August2002):xiii. Google Scholar

20. Ibid. Google Scholar

21. Ibid.These were the only two members of the Board at this time. Google Scholar

22. Ibid. Google Scholar

23.Patrick O’Leary andPeter Sheldon, “Strategic Choices and Unintended Consequences: Employer Militancy in Victoria’s Meat Industry, 1986–93,” Labour History, no. 95(November2008):235. Google Scholar

24. Inquiry into the Meat Industry: Report to the Full Bench(:Australian Industrial Relations Commission, 1991). For a discussion of the inquiry and the surrounding issues, including the role of MAFTA, seeO’Leary andSheldon, “Strategic Choices and Unintended Consequences,” 223–42. Google Scholar

25.Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union v G & K O’Connor, Federal Court of Australia (hereafter FCA) 624 (2001): para 3. Google Scholar

26. Ibid. Google Scholar

27.Senator Kim Carr, “G & K O’Connor Meatworks: Employees,” Parliamentary Debates, Senate(23 May2001):24178. Google Scholar

28. Ibid. Google Scholar

29.George Strauss, “How Many of These are Anti-Union Practices? A US Perspective,” Labour History, no. 97(November2009):103. Google Scholar

30.O’Leary andSheldon, “Strategic Choice and Unintended Consequences” gives an overview of the situation in the Victorian meat industry during the Victorian Meat and By-products Award dispute from July 1989 into 1991. Google Scholar

31.O’Leary andSheldon, Employer Power and Weakness, 146. Wally Curran, former State Secretary, AMIEU, Vic., interview with the author, 26 November 2003, Williamstown, Vic. Google Scholar

32.Ross Coulthart, “The Insider,” Sunday, 8 April2001, Channel 9,. Google Scholar

33. Ibid. Google Scholar

37.Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union v G & K O’Connor, FCA1197 (2000): para 3. Google Scholar

38.Coulthart, “The Insider.” Google Scholar

40.Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union v G & K O’Connor, FCA 624 (2001): para 5; also Curran interview. Google Scholar

41.Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union v G & K O’Connor, FCA 624 (2001): para 5. See alsoO’Leary andSheldon, “Strategic Choices and Unintended Consequences,” 236. Google Scholar

42.Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union v G & K O’Connor, FCA 624 (2001): para 9. Google Scholar

43. Ibid., para 9 (iv); G & K O’Connor Pty Ltd and the Australasian Meat Industry Employees Union, Australian Industrial Relations Commission (hereafter AIRC), Print N8160, GO592 (1999): para 11. Google Scholar

44. Ibid., para 10. Google Scholar

45. Ibid. Google Scholar

46.Letter sent by facsimile to the union’s offices, 2 January 1997. G & K O’Connor Pty Ltd and the Australasian Meat Industry Employees Union, AIRC, Print N8160, GO592 (1999): para 10. Google Scholar

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48.Employment, Workplace Relations, Small Business and Education Legislation Committee, Workplace Relations Legislation Amendment (More Jobs, Better Pay) Bill 1999, Submission by the AMIEU, 27 October1999. Google Scholar

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50.Marjorie A. Jerrard, “‘Dinosaurs’ are Not Dead: The AMIEU (Qld) and Industrial Relations Change,” Journal of Industrial Relations 42, no. 1(March2000):5–28. Google Scholar

51. Ibid., 16;Marjorie A. Jerrard, “‘Victims of Their Own Past?’ A Comparison of the Strategy of the Queensland and Victorian Branches of the AMIEU”(PhD diss.,Monash University, 2005):335–37. Google Scholar

52.O’Leary andSheldon, Employer Power and Weakness, 119. Google Scholar

54.Braham Dabscheck, “The Australian Waterfront Dispute and Theories of the State,” Journal of Industrial Relations 42, no. 4(December2000):497–516. AlsoCoulthart, “The Insider.” Google Scholar

55.Gordon Stewart, “The Decline and Fall of the Tally System in the Meat Processing Industry,” Australian Bulletin of Labour 28, no. 3(2002):184–97 Google Scholar

56. Ibid., 184–85. Google Scholar

57.Michael Millett, “Reith Turns Up Heat on Unions,” The Sydney Morning Herald, 4 January1997, 1. Google Scholar

58.Employment, Workplace Relations, Small Business and Education Legislation Committee, Submission by the AMIEU, 27 October 1999. Also Steve Gibbons MP, Workplace Relations Amendment Bill (More Jobs, Better Pay) Bill 1999, Second Reading, Speech, Parliamentary Debates, House of Representatives(Tuesday 28 September1999):10792. Google Scholar

59. Ibid.See AMIEU Submission atibid. Google Scholar

60.Bird, interview. Google Scholar

61. Ibid. Google Scholar

62. Ibid.Also“Meatworkers Locked Out,” Guardian, 31 March1999, reproduced on the Communist Party of Australia (website), accessed October2015,http://www.cpa.org.au/z-archive/g1999/947meat.htm. Google Scholar

63.Carr, “G & K O’Connor Meatworks: Employees,” 24179; also reported byCoulthart, “The Insider”; and in“Belandra/Larberg/ESP/EMP,”AMIEU (Vic) Branch Newsletter, 18 February2003. Google Scholar

64.Coulthart, “The Insider.” Google Scholar

66.G & K O’Connor Pty Ltd and the Australasian Meat Industry Union, AIRC, Print S2371 (2000): paras 2, 3. Google Scholar

67.Termination of Agreement, G & K O’Connor Pty Ltd and Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union, AIRQ Print R7512 (1999): para 13. Google Scholar

68.Coulthart, “The Insider.” Google Scholar

69.Briggs, “The Return of the Lockout Down Under in Comparative Perspective,” 866. Google Scholar

70. Ibid. Google Scholar

71.Graham Bird, “Lockout at O’Connors,” O’Connor Dispute 1 Newsletter, 12 March1999, AMIEU Victorian Branch (website), accessed October 2015,http://vic.amieu.net/content/oconnor-dispute-1-newsletter-march-12-1999. Google Scholar

72.Peter Reith, Minister for Workplace Relations, Speech to Parliament on theWorkplace Relations Act, Parliamentary Debates, House of Representatives(21 November1996):7216. Google Scholar

73.Millett, “Reith Turns Up Heat on Unions,” 1. Google Scholar

74.Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union v Hamberger, FCA 1197 (2000): para 3; Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union v G & K O’Connor, FCA 624 (2001): para v. Google Scholar

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77.Carr, “G & K O’Connor Meatworks: Employees,” 24180. Google Scholar

78.Question 2593 by Arch Bevis (Brisbane) MP to Mr Tony Abbott (Warringah), Minister for Employment, Workplace Relations and Small Business, Questions on Notice:G & K O’Connor Meatworks, Parliamentary Debates, House of Representatives(Monday, 6 August2001):29235–37. Google Scholar

79.Mr Abbott’s answer, ibid., 29236, paras 2, 5. Google Scholar

80. Ibid., paras 2, 7, 8. Google Scholar

81. Ibid., para 5. Google Scholar

82.Coulthart, “The Insider,”emphasis added. Google Scholar

83. Ibid. Google Scholar

84.Briggs “The Return of the Lockouts Down Under in Comparative Perspective,” 866. Google Scholar

85.Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union v Hamberger, FCA 1197 (2000): para 3. Google Scholar

86.For references to hardship, see Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union and G & K O’Connor Pty Ltd, AIRC, C no. 37682, Print S0987 (1999); Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union v G & K O’Connor, FCA 624 (2001); G & K O’Connor Pty Ltd and Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union, Appeal against C no. 38894 of 1999 and C no. 3768 of 1999, AIRC, Print S2371 (2000): para 18; Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union and G & K O’Connor Pty Ltd, AIRC, C no. 37682, Print S0987 (1999): para 24. Google Scholar

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88.Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union v G & K O’Connor, FCA 624 (2001): para vi. Google Scholar

89.Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union v G & K O’Connor Pty Ltd, FCA 1975 (2000): para 9. Google Scholar

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97.Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union v Hamberger, FCA 1197 (2000): para 3. Google Scholar

98.Bird, interview. Google Scholar

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114.Carr, “G & K O’Connor Meatworks: Employees,” 24179. Google Scholar

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120.Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union v G & K O’Connor Pty Ltd, FCA1975 (2000): para 9. Google Scholar

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