Footnotes

1.Queensland Government, Seventh Census of Queensland, 1886(:Queensland Government Printer, 1887), 39–40;Queensland Government, Ninth Census of Queensland, 1901(:Queensland Government Printer, 1902), 258–277. Google Scholar

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11.Shelton Stromquist, “Railroad Labor and the Global Economy: Historical Patterns,”inGlobal Labour History: A State of the Art, ed.Jan Lucassen(:Peter Lang, 2006), 623–48. Google Scholar

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14.Paul Gates, The Illinois Central and its Colonization Work(:Harvard University Press, 1934);Albert Fishlow, American Railroads and the Transformation of the Ante-Bellum Economy(:Harvard University Press, 1965), 232–33. Google Scholar

15.Stromquist, Generation of Boomers, 13–14. Stromquist draws onJulius Grodinsky, The Iowa Pool: A Study in Railroad Competition 1870–84(:University of Chicago Press, 1950). Google Scholar

16. Queensland Parliamentary Debates(hereafterQPD) 55(1888):132. Google Scholar

17.Butlin, Investment in Australian Economic Development, 358. Google Scholar

18.W. G. Spence, Australia’s Awakening(:Worker Trustees, 1909), 268, 301. Google Scholar

19.Humphrey McQueen, “Foreword,”inRadical Brisbane, ed.Raymond Evans andCarole Ferrier(:Vulgar Press, 2004), 9;Carole Ferrier, “Afterword,”inEvans andFerrier, Radical Brisbane, 320. Google Scholar

20.D. B. Waterson, “Thomas McIlwraith,”inQueensland Political Portraits 1859–1952, ed.D. J. Murphy andR. B. Joyce(:Queensland University Press, 1978), 119–42. Google Scholar

21. QPD 55(1888):133. Google Scholar

22.Stromquist, “Railroad Labor,” 623–48;Butlin, Investment in Australian Economic Development, 407–408. Google Scholar

23.Maury Klein, Union Pacific, 1860–1893(:University of Minnesota Press, 2006), 34. Google Scholar

24.Calculated fromG. J. R. Linge, A Geography of Australian Manufacturing 1788 to 1890(:ANU Press, 1979), 210–11, 415–16, 594–95, 676–77. Conversion from sterling to US dollars via,http://www.measuringworth.com/. Google Scholar

25.C. H. Knibbs, Commonwealth Yearbook, 1919(:Commonwealth Printer, 1920), 98, 634. Google Scholar

27.Calculated from US Department of Commerce and Labor, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1905(:Department of Commerce and Labor, 1906), 504;Henry Varnum Poor, Manual of the Railroads of the United States, 1902(:V. H. and H. V. Poor, 1903), vii–vii, L. Google Scholar

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29.Edgards Dunsdorfs, The Australian Wheat-Growing Industry 1788–1948(:Melbourne University Press, 1956), 115;Henry Wallace, Agricultural Prices(:Henry A. Wallace Publishing, 1930), 123–24. Google Scholar

30.For 1897–1901, Queensland statistics came from the Queensland Department of Agriculture’s Annual Reports, published inQueensland Votes & Proceedings(hereafterQVP). Earlier years are drawn from either Ministerial statements read into theQPDor fromPugh’s Almanac, accessed September 2015,http://www.textqueensland.com.au/pughs-almanac. Google Scholar

31.A. O. Herbert, “Rolling-Stock Ordered on Queensland Railways since 1879,” QVP 4(1883):1761–62. Google Scholar

32. Ninth Census of Queensland, 1901, x, 268–69. Google Scholar

33.Herbert, “Rolling-Stock,” 1761. Google Scholar

34.Robert Philp, “Select Committee Report into Management of Southern and Western Railway,” QVP 2(1877):476;F. Curnow, “Report of Queensland Railway Commissioner, 1886,” QVP 3(1887):1008–09. Google Scholar

36.John Mathieson, “Report of Queensland Railway Commissioners, 1890,” QVP 3(1891):481. Google Scholar

37.Queensland Government, Eighth Census of Queensland, 1891(:Queensland Government Printer, 1892), 188–89. Google Scholar

38. Seventh Census of Queensland, 1886, 180–93;Eighth Census of Queensland, 1891, 188–90;Ninth Census of Queensland, 1901, 264–66. Google Scholar

39. Ninth Census of Queensland, 1901, 258–59. Google Scholar

40. Ibid. Google Scholar

41.Stromquist, Generation of Boomers, 145. Google Scholar

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43.Lawson, Brisbane in the 1890s, 45, 61. Google Scholar

44.Bradley Bowden, “‘Harmony … between the Employer and Employed’: Employer Support for Union Formation in Brisbane, 1857–1890,” Labour History, no. 97(November2009):105–22. Google Scholar

45. Brisbane Courier, 23 August1890, 5. Google Scholar

46.Colin Hughes, “Labour in the electorates,”inPrelude to Power: The Rise of the Labour Party in Queensland 1885–1915, ed.D. J. Murphy(:Jacaranda Press, 1970), 76. Google Scholar

47.“Minutes of Evidence: Select Committee on the Railway Workshops,” QVP 2(1879):538–39. Google Scholar

48. Queensland Times, 5 August1886. Google Scholar

49. Boomerang, 18 January1890. Google Scholar

50.Bowden, “Some Mysterious Terror”;Bowden, “A Time the Like of Which.” Google Scholar

51. Brisbane Courier, 3 February1879, 2. Google Scholar

52.Cited inD. J. Murphy, “William Kidston,”inMurphy andJoyce, Queensland Political Portraits, 227. Google Scholar

53.Duncan Waterson, Squatter, Selector, and Storekeeper: A History of the Darling Downs 1859–93(:Sydney University Press, 1968), 80, 233, 265–68. Google Scholar

54. QPD 44(1886):594. Google Scholar

55. Queensland Times, 5 August1886;Bowden, “Some Mysterious Terror,” 90–91. Google Scholar

56. Queensland Government Gazette, 7 November1888, 861–71. Google Scholar

57. Boomerang, 1 June1889;Worker, 1 April1890, 15 June1889, 18 January1890, 10 August1889. Google Scholar

58.John Mathieson, “Report of Queensland Railway Commissioners, 1891–92,” QVP 3(1892)409. Google Scholar

59.Brisbane Worker, 8 August1891. Google Scholar

60. QPD 70(1894):122–25;Bowden, “Some Mysterious Terror,” 91. Google Scholar

61.See, in particular,Robert Higgs, “Railroad Rates and the Populist Uprising,” Agricultural History 44(1970):291–98. Google Scholar

62. QPD 60(1888):147. Google Scholar

63. QPD 52(1887):428. Google Scholar

64. Ibid.;QPD 64(1891):1367–70. Google Scholar

65.Mathieson, “Report of Queensland Railway Commissioners, 1891–92,” 492. Google Scholar

66. QPD 60(1888):147. Google Scholar

67. QPD 64(1891):366. Google Scholar

68. QPD 74(1895):1422. Google Scholar

69.Murphy, “William Kidston,” 221–61. Google Scholar

70.J. Hughes, “Queensland Agricultural and Pastoral Statistics, 1900,” QVP 4(1901):209–16. Google Scholar

71.The statistics cited are drawn from the annual reports inPugh’s Almanac, accessed September 2015,http://www.textqueensland.com.au/pughs-almanac. Google Scholar

72.John Merritt, The Making of the AWU(:Oxford University Press, 1986), 43–49, 128–29;Svensen, The Shearers War, 39–47. Google Scholar

73. QPD 74(1895):1419. Google Scholar

74.H. Kenway, “The Pastoral Strikes of 1891 and 1894,”inMurphy, Prelude to Power, 119. Google Scholar

75. Ibid. Google Scholar

76. Ibid., 123–24. Google Scholar

77.Stromquist, Generation of Boomers, 144–45. Google Scholar

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